KPM India |We are electrical test equipment manufacturers, We deal in CT PT Analyzer, Relay Test Kit , Tan delta , Transformer Test Kits , LA Testers etc.|Measuring Impedance |https://kpmtek.wixsite.com/website/fr/measuring-impedance Mesurer l'impédance

KPM ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS is electrical test equipment provider with strong support. Our solutions are Relay Test Kit, CT/PT Analyzer, Oil BDV, Tan delta , Circuit Breaker Analyzer, LA Testing,Partial Discharge Test Kit, Thermal Imager Camera, PIK, SIK, AC/DC HIPOT. Visit us @ www.kpmtek.com À PROPOS DE KPM Chez KPM, nous sommes impliqués dans la fabrication, le commerce à valeur ajoutée et les services de conseil. Nous travaillons en partenariat avec les leaders mondiaux R & D et les maisons de production du monde entier pour apporter les meilleures solutions fiables aux portes de nos clients estimés. Depuis 1992, KPM Engineering Solutions est une entreprise leader dans le conseil électrique et , impliquée à la fois dans le leadership et le développement. Nous sommes fiers d'ouvrir la voie vers un avenir plus efficace avec des idées innovantes, une technologie révolutionnaire et la transparence. Nous avons travaillé sur des dizaines de projets visant à fournir des solutions d'ingénierie innovantes. Nous sommes un groupe de technocrates avec une vaste expérience de vente et d'application dans l'industrie électrique T & M haute tension/basse tension. pour la dernière décennie et demie. Notre conseil a servi un large éventail de clients, y compris les industries, les hôpitaux, les appartements résidentiels, les instituts d'enseignement, les projets de barrage, etc. Chez KPM, nous nous engageons à fournir à nos clients un équipement précis pour une application T & M appropriée, puis à agir comme premier point de contact. pour tout support lié au produit . Lorsque cela est nécessaire, notre division T&M et notre division de conseil se mettent en contact pour fournir des services à valeur ajoutée tels que l'interprétation des résultats et l'analyse des causes profondes en cas de défaillance du DUT (dispositif sous test). Entrer en contact Our Team. Our team is a fantastic mix of experienced and mid-level professionals who work together like a well-oiled machine. They bring a blend of wisdom and fresh ideas to the table, making them unstoppable as they tackle any challenge that comes their way. S.C.Sharma - Chairperson M.Tech. Elec. HBTI Kanpur , 1985 B.Tech. Elec. MNREC, Allahabad, 1974 S.C Sharma is an experienced electrical engineer with technical consultancy background of 40+ years. His guidance is followed by KPM at policy & administrative level Pankaj Modi - Country Sales Head BE Electrical, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, 2004 Pankaj is a seasoned sales professional with almost 20 years of experience in the testing & measuring equipment , automation, and Industry 4.0, IOT solutions industry. He is managing sales of KPM products at all India level. He is supported by the team of techno-sales engineers Kunal Sharma - Sr Tech. Consultant M.Sc. Electrical, Warsaw University of Technology - Poland , 2024 B.E Electrical, MDU India, 2006 Kunal is a seasoned techno sales professional with 15+ years of experience in sales, application and technical support to power utility customers all across the globe. He was recently granted his M.Sc. with final research thesis on "partial discharge measurement techniques" . Kunal is responsible for customer's technical satisfaction and is supported by the team of techno-sales engineers He is also responsible for KPM's technology tieups all across the globe. KPM Promotes Lifelong Learning: Sr. Consultant Achieves Master's in Electrical Engineering We are delighted to announce that our Sr. Consultant Mr. Kunal Sharma has completed his Master's in Electrical Engineering, with a distinguished project on "Methods for Measurement and Detection of Partial Discharge." from Warsaw University Of Technology , Poland. This significant achievement highlights his dedication and expertise in the field. Anchor 1 NOTRE EXPERTISE TERRAIN, EST VOTRE ATOUT

Advanced partial discharge testing equipment by KPM for precise detection, insulation analysis, and condition monitoring of electrical assets. SURVEILLANCE DE DP ET DE TERRE EN LIGNE KPM PENTA PD (HAND HELD) View more Partial Discharge Detector Penta-PD is an ideal partner for condition-based maintenance programs. Partial Discharge Detector Penta-PD incorporates all 5 types of online PD sensor technology. Information from multiple sensors gives Partial Discharge Detector Penta-PD the versatility to detect various type PD in variety of substation apparatus. KPM PDM-01,Partial Discharge Monitor View more The KPM PDM-01 partial discharge detector stands out as a versatile digital tool within KPM's product range. Featuring a 10.1-inch touch screen, it replaces the traditional oscilloscope tube and physical knob operation, enhancing user convenience. The instrument employs a full touch screen interface, contributing to extended product longevity and incorporates useful features such as automatic correction, high voltage divider ratio settings, and serial communication for uploading test data. KPM PDTI Cable Termination Monitor View more The KPM PDTI system is deployed on primary switching equipment such as ring network switch cabinets, cable termination boxes, and transformer output cables etc. within the power distribution network. Its primary function is to conduct online monitoring of partial discharge, indicating potential short circuits and ground faults in corresponding cable sections, along with real-time temperature monitoring. KPM Corona Pointer View more KPM Corona Pointer is an ideal equipment for condition-based maintenance programs. Online partial discharge testing is a method of inspecting the insulation of electric power systems while equipment remains energized and in service. Corona Pointer is based on online Ultrasonic PD sensor technology. KPM Duo PD - Handheld PD monitoring system View more KPM Duo PD is a handheld partial discharge tester which uses the ultrasonic signal generated by partial discharge to determine the existence and location of partial discharge and combines the real-time displayed images and data to quickly diagnose partial discharge conditions. KPM PDA-01, Partial Discharge Monitor View more The KPM PDA-01 features a split, modular design, with the local discharge signal conditioning module, digital acquisition module, and test voltage acquisition module integrated into the instrument. The powerful local discharge test and analysis system software is installed on the host computer, which connects to the instrument via USB and RS232 serial ports. KPM PD Pulse-8, Online Partial Discharge Monitor View more KPM PD Pulse-8 partial discharge online monitoring device includes a modularly designed partial discharge sensor and a partial discharge data processing terminal. The partial discharge sensor can effectively monitor ultrasonic and transient earth voltage signals. Its sensors are a two-in-one integrated assembly that can be installed on the HV equipment. Foire aux questions (FAQ) FAQ about Partial discharge : 01 What are the Top 5 PD Testing Techniques – A Quick Comparison? 1) Ultrasonic PD Detection - Detects sound waves from PD events - Portable, good for on-site inspections - Limited sensitivity in noisy environments 2) High-Frequency Current Transformer (HFCT) - Measures high-frequency currents on cables - Effective for early PD detection - Requires access to grounding points 3) Transient Earth Voltage (TEV) - Detects electromagnetic signals from PD inside metal enclosures - Non-intrusive and widely used in switchgear - Limited for external PD sources 4) Oscilloscopic PD Measurement - Directly captures PD pulses using specialized sensors - Very detailed and accurate - Requires expert analysis and controlled environment 5) Acoustic Emission (AE) Sensors - Captures elastic waves from PD activity - Useful for localizing PD sources - Can be affected by external noise - KPM offers advanced PD measurement systems combining multiple techniques for comprehensive, reliable diagnostics. 02 What do you understanding AE, HFCT, TEV, and UHF – Which PD Kit Do You Need? Choosing the right Partial Discharge (PD) testing kit depends on your equipment type, accessibility, and testing goals. Here’s a quick comparison: 1. AE – Acoustic Emission How it works: Detects sound waves from PD using piezoelectric sensors. Best for: Transformers, bushings, and GIS (localizing PD points). Pros: Non-invasive, good for pinpointing PD. Limitations: Sensitive to external noise. 2. HFCT – High-Frequency Current Transformer How it works: Clamped around the grounding conductor to detect PD pulses. Best for: Cables, terminations, rotating machines. Pros: Early detection, non-intrusive. Limitations: Needs grounding access; less effective in noisy ground systems. 3. TEV – Transient Earth Voltage How it works: Senses electromagnetic emissions on metal-clad switchgear. Best for: MV switchgear (metal-enclosed). Pros: Easy to use, fast screening. Limitations: Doesn’t work well on non-metallic enclosures. 4. UHF – Ultra High Frequency How it works: Captures high-frequency EM waves from PD (300 MHz+). Best for: GIS, gas-insulated transformers, sealed systems. Pros: Very sensitive and noise-immune. Limitations: Needs access to UHF sensors or couplers. Which Kit Do You Need? For switchgear: TEV + AE For cables and rotating machines: HFCT For GIS or sealed systems: UHF + AE For transformers and bushings: AE + HFCT KPM offers hybrid PD testing kits combining AE, TEV, HFCT, and UHF sensors for complete diagnostics across all asset types—helping you localize, classify, and trend PD activity efficiently. 03 What is principle of detecting PD in Switchgear Using TEV Method ? The Transient Earth Voltage (TEV) method detects partial discharge activity in metal-clad switchgear by capturing fast, high-frequency voltage transients that appear on the internal metal surfaces of the switchgear enclosure. How It Works: When partial discharge occurs inside the insulation of live parts (e.g., busbars, bushings), it emits electromagnetic pulses. These pulses induce high-frequency voltage transients on the inner surface of the switchgear's metal enclosure. These transients propagate through the metal, eventually reaching the outer surface. A TEV sensor, placed magnetically or capacitively on the metal surface, detects these transient voltages—typically in the range of MHz frequencies. Why It Works Well for Switchgear: Switchgear panels are metal-enclosed, which acts as a waveguide for the transient signals. TEV signals indicate internal insulation defects like surface tracking, void discharges, or corona inside the equipment. TEV detection is non-invasive, requires no shutdown, and is widely used for condition-based maintenance. What TEV Tells You: Presence of internal PD Severity of the discharge (by amplitude and repetition rate) Useful for early detection before insulation failure KPM’s PD testing kits integrate TEV sensors with digital displays and trending software, making it easy to perform on-site diagnostics of medium-voltage switchgear for early PD detection and risk assessment. 04 What are the Diagnosing Cable Defects With HFCT-Based PD Testing ? High-Frequency Current Transformer (HFCT) sensors are widely used for detecting and diagnosing partial discharge (PD) activity in power cables. They are clamped around the earth (ground) conductor to sense high-frequency current pulses generated by insulation defects. How HFCT PD Testing Works: PD Activity Inside Cable Insulation: Voids, cracks, or deteriorated insulation cause small electrical discharges. Pulse Propagation: These discharges generate high-frequency current pulses (MHz range) that flow along the grounding system. HFCT Sensor Detection: The HFCT sensor detects these pulses non-invasively by clamping it around the cable’s earth conductor without disconnecting the system. Signal Analysis: The captured pulses are analyzed for: Pulse shape and repetition rate Time-of-flight (for PD location) Amplitude and phase-resolved patterns (PRPD) What It Diagnoses: Defects in cable joints, terminations, insulation Water trees or aging in XLPE cables Internal corona or tracking activity Advantages of HFCT PD Testing: Online or offline testing possible Non-intrusive and safe Early detection prevents costly cable failures Can be used with multiple sensors for PD location (triangulation) KPM’s HFCT-based PD testing solutions are designed for rapid setup, high sensitivity, and advanced diagnostics—enabling utilities and industries to monitor cable health with confidence. 05 What is UHF PD Testing in GIS – High Sensitivity Explained? Ultra High Frequency (UHF) PD testing in Gas-Insulated Switchgear (GIS) is a highly sensitive method that detects partial discharge by capturing electromagnetic signals in the 300 MHz to 1.5 GHz range. GIS enclosures, being metallic and sealed, confine PD signals and create a low-noise environment—making UHF detection extremely effective. UHF sensors, typically built into or attached to the GIS via couplers or antennae, pick up these fast transients without interfering with system operation. This method offers excellent immunity to external noise and allows early detection of insulation defects such as voids, surface discharges, or corona, enabling preventive maintenance and reducing outage risk. KPM’s UHF PD solutions are optimized for GIS testing, offering precise, real-time diagnostics with minimal intrusion. 06 How PD Can Cause Catastrophic Failures If Left Undetected ? Partial Discharge (PD) is a small electrical spark that occurs within insulation systems due to defects like voids, cracks, or contamination. While each discharge releases only a small amount of energy, repeated activity degrades insulation over time, leading to progressive damage. If left undetected, PD can cause tracking, erosion, thermal breakdown, and eventually a complete insulation failure. This can result in catastrophic equipment breakdowns, fires, arc flash events, or prolonged outages. Early PD detection helps identify developing faults before they escalate, allowing timely intervention. KPM’s PD monitoring solutions provide accurate diagnostics to prevent such costly and dangerous failures. 07 How Often Should You Perform Partial Discharge Tests? The frequency of Partial Discharge (PD) testing depends on equipment type, criticality, age, and operating environment: New Installations: Test during commissioning to detect manufacturing or installation defects. Routine Maintenance: For critical assets (e.g., GIS, transformers, cables): annually or semi-annually For less critical systems: every 2–3 years Condition-Based Monitoring: For aging or high-risk equipment, use continuous or periodic online PD monitoring. After Major Events: Test after faults, repairs, or overloading. KPM offers both portable and continuous PD monitoring solutions tailored to asset condition and reliability goals. 08 What is Acoustic Emission for PD Detection – Emerging Trends? Acoustic Emission (AE) is an emerging technique in Partial Discharge (PD) detection, leveraging sound waves generated by PD activity within high-voltage equipment. AE sensors capture ultrasonic emissions, allowing non-intrusive, real-time monitoring of insulation health. Recent trends include the integration of AI algorithms for noise discrimination, wireless AE sensor networks for wide-area monitoring, and hybrid systems combining AE with UHF or HFCT methods for higher accuracy. KPM’s PD monitoring device incorporates these advancements by using sensitive AE sensors to detect PD in transformers, switchgear, and cable terminations. The system filters external noise and correlates AE signals with discharge activity, ensuring precise fault localization. Its compact design, cloud integration, and user-friendly interface make it suitable for continuous condition monitoring. This enables utilities to predict insulation failure early, plan timely maintenance, and improve grid reliability while aligning with modern digital substation standards. 09 What to Watch Out For while working on PD Testing in Motors and Generators ? Partial Discharge (PD) testing in motors and generators is critical for identifying early insulation deterioration, especially in high-voltage rotating machines. Key factors to watch out for include surface discharge near end windings, slot discharges, and internal PD caused by insulation voids. External noise interference, poor sensor placement, and incorrect test settings can lead to false readings or missed defects. It’s essential to differentiate between actual PD signals and electrical noise, especially in operational (online) testing. KPM’s PD tester addresses these challenges with high-frequency current transformer (HFCT) sensors, advanced noise separation algorithms. The device enables clear PD signal capture even in electrically noisy environments. It provides real-time analysis, waveform capture, and trend data, helping maintenance teams make informed decisions. KPM’s compact, rugged design and intuitive interface make it ideal for field diagnostics in motors and generators across power plants and industrial sites. 10 How to Interpret PD Signals? Interpreting Partial Discharge (PD) signals is crucial for diagnosing insulation issues accurately. Real-world case studies reveal that many failures arise not from PD presence, but from misinterpretation. In one case, a generator end-winding PD signal was mistaken for noise due to poor sensor grounding. Another involved a cable joint where increasing PD magnitude over time indicated a void-related breakdown—early intervention prevented a costly outage. Key learnings include the importance of phase-resolved PD (PRPD) pattern analysis, baseline signal comparison, and monitoring PD trends over time. Environmental noise, load conditions, and sensor placement significantly impact data quality. KPM’s PD tester simplifies interpretation with built-in PRPD pattern recognition, automated classification, and trend analytics. Its intelligent algorithms filter out noise and identify critical PD types—internal, surface, or corona—with high accuracy. By offering both real-time insights and historical tracking, KPM's tester empowers engineers to make confident maintenance decisions and extend asset life. FAQ about Monitoring testing : 01 What is the use of online partial discharge (PD) monitoring of panels using TEV and contact ultrasonic methods? Online partial discharge monitoring of medium-voltage and high-voltage panels using TEV (Transient Earth Voltage) and contact ultrasonic methods is used to detect and localize internal insulation defects and surface discharges without shutting down the equipment. Here's how each method contributes: 1. TEV (Transient Earth Voltage) Method Use: Detects internal PD activity, especially within air-insulated switchgear (AIS) and cable terminations inside metal-clad panels. How it works? When PD occurs inside enclosed metal-clad gear, it emits fast-rising electromagnetic pulses that induce transient voltages on the metal surfaces. TEV sensors pick up these signals from outside the panel. Benefit: Non-invasive, detects internal voids, tracking, and corona effects. 2. Contact Ultrasonic Method Use: Detects surface discharges, such as corona or tracking, which emit high-frequency acoustic signals. How it works? A piezoelectric sensor placed on the panel surface detects ultrasonic noise generated by PD activity, even through the enclosure. Benefit: Helps locate poor insulation, loose connections, or contamination issues causing discharge on the surface. Combined Use – Why It Matters? Using both TEV and ultrasonic methods together enhances diagnostic accuracy: TEV gives insight into internal discharge severity and location. Ultrasonic confirms surface or near-surface PD sources and allows cross-verification. This dual-method approach is vital for: Preventive maintenance, Avoiding insulation failures, Improving switchgear reliability, and Extending equipment life without needing shutdowns.

Advanced lightning arrester test kits by KPM for precise leakage current measurement, condition monitoring, and surge protection testing. TROUSSE D'ESSAI DE PARE-FOUDRE ( LCM ) Testeur de parafoudre 1 Ph en ligne (avec mesure de tension et de courant) Catalogue Le testeur de parafoudres de KPM (KPM LA-100+) est l'instrument spécial à utiliser pour détecter les propriétés électriques des parafoudres (LA/MOSA). KPM LA-100+ is capable of testing LA en ligne en utilisant la mesure du courant de fuite LA et de la tension de ligne PT directement pour la plupart des résultats fiables CEI . Caractéristiques du produit of Testeur de parafoudre (KPM LA-100+) Écran LCD grand écran, menu utilisateur en anglais, facile à utiliser. Utilisez les techniques d'échantillonnage de précision et d'analyse harmonique de Fourier pour obtenir des données fiables. Mesure le courant résistif 3ème harmonique, Courant résistif total, Courant de fuite total,_cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cfI58d_Angle V-I58d Batterie rechargeable, horloge calendrier, micro-imprimante intégrée, peut stocker 120 données de mesure de groupe Testeur LA triphasé en ligne (avec capteur E sans fil et mesure du courant) Catalogue KPM's Testeur de parafoudre triphasé(KPM LA-103+) est l'instrument spécial à utiliser pour détecter les propriétés électriques des parafoudres (LA/MOSA). KPM LA-103+ is capable of testing LA en ligne en utilisant six méthodes principales selon CEI - : 1. Grand écran LCD, fonctionnement complet du menu en anglais, facile à utiliser. 2 En utilisant des circuits d'échantillonnage et de traitement de haute précision, des techniques avancées d'analyse harmonique de Fourier pour fiabiliser les données. 3. L'instrument utilise des signaux de tension et de courant directement capturés et entrés par un capteur numérique unique à isolation magnétique à grande vitesse pour assurer la fiabilité et la sécurité des données 4. Cet équipement peut utiliser un champ électrique induit ou une méthode de transmission sans fil au lieu d'un câblage secondaire PT. 5. L'instrument n'a pas besoin de connecter le secondaire PT et peut mesurer directement le courant résistif. 6. Il existe six méthodes de test, offrant de nombreux choix pour la personne sur site. ( PT méthode secondaire, méthode d'induction, méthode de transmission sans fil, méthode de synchronisation à courant unique, méthode de synchronisation secondaire pt) Testeur LA triphasé en ligne (avec capteur E sans fil et mesure du courant) Catalogue KPM's Testeur de parafoudre triphasé(KPM LA-103+) est l'instrument spécial à utiliser pour détecter les propriétés électriques des parafoudres (LA/MOSA). KPM LA-103+ is capable of testing LA en ligne en utilisant six méthodes principales selon CEI - : 1. Grand écran LCD, fonctionnement complet du menu en anglais, facile à utiliser. 2 En utilisant des circuits d'échantillonnage et de traitement de haute précision, des techniques avancées d'analyse harmonique de Fourier pour fiabiliser les données. 3. L'instrument utilise des signaux de tension et de courant directement capturés et entrés par un capteur numérique unique à isolation magnétique à grande vitesse pour assurer la fiabilité et la sécurité des données 4. Cet équipement peut utiliser un champ électrique induit ou une méthode de transmission sans fil au lieu d'un câblage secondaire PT. 5. L'instrument n'a pas besoin de connecter le secondaire PT et peut mesurer directement le courant résistif. 6. Il existe six méthodes de test, offrant de nombreux choix pour la personne sur site. ( PT méthode secondaire, méthode d'induction, méthode de transmission sans fil, méthode de synchronisation à courant unique, méthode de synchronisation secondaire pt) Test de parafoudre théorique Theory - LA Tester Parafoudre – Théorie Un parafoudre est un dispositif utilisé sur les systèmes d'alimentation électrique et les systèmes de télécommunications pour protéger l'isolation. et les conducteurs du système contre les effets néfastes de la foudre. Le parafoudre typique a une borne haute tension et une borne de terre. Lorsqu'une surtension de foudre (ou une surtension de commutation) se déplace le long de la ligne électrique jusqu'au parafoudre, le courant de la surtension est dévié à travers le parafoudre, dans la plupart des cas vers la terre. Si la protection échoue ou est absente, la foudre qui frappe le système électrique introduit des milliers de kilovolts qui peuvent endommager les lignes de transmission et peuvent également causer de graves dommages aux transformateurs et autres appareils électriques ou électroniques. Les pics de tension extrêmes produits par la foudre dans les lignes électriques entrantes peuvent également endommager les appareils électroménagers, c'est pourquoi il est sacrément crucial pour l'intégrité du parafoudre. Actuellement, la surveillance du courant de fuite total (courants capacitifs et résistifs) est utilisée par de nombreux services publics. Les moniteurs de courant de fuite sont utilisés pour mesurer le courant de fuite des parafoudres et, en cas de courant de fuite élevé, les parafoudres sont remplacés. Cependant, on estime que cette méthode n'est pas la méthode infaillible car le courant de fuite total, qui est purement capacitif, ne signifie pas précisément la santé des parafoudres. Il y a eu des cas où les parafoudres ont explosé même si la valeur totale du courant de fuite était inférieure à la limite prescrite par les fabricants. Le courant résistif est de 15 à 30 % du courant total et, comme les courants capacitifs et résistifs sont décalés de 90 degrés, même un changement considérable du courant résistif entraîne une très faible augmentation du courant total. Par conséquent, la surveillance du courant de fuite total peut ne pas vraiment indiquer la dégradation du disque ZnO. La dégradation d'un long disque de ZnO linéaire conduit généralement à des harmoniques dans le courant de fuite lorsque la tension du système de fréquence fondamentale est appliquée. La mesure du courant résistif de troisième harmonique est basée sur le filtrage de la composante de troisième harmonique du courant de fuite total. Un courant de fuite de l'ordre d'environ 500 microampères est généralement considéré comme sûr. La partie résistive du courant de fuite ou la perte de puissance peut être déterminée par plusieurs méthodes indiquées ci-dessous : Utilisation d'un signal de tension comme référence Compenser la composante capacitive en utilisant un signal de tension Compensation capacitive en combinant le courant de fuite des trois phases Analyse des harmoniques du troisième ordre Détermination directe des pertes de puissance Analyse des harmoniques de rang 3 avec compensation des harmoniques de la tension Système de surveillance avancé avec calculs de composants "courant résistif". L'utilisation de méthodes de diagnostic avancées réduit considérablement les risques d'échec et évite ainsi les pertes humaines et financières. Il est donc souhaitable de vérifier l'état des parafoudres à intervalles de temps réguliers, en mesurant la composante résistive du courant de fuite continu en service sans mettre le parafoudre hors tension. Des mesures fiables sont réalisées par les instruments basés sur le principe du « signal de tension » comme référence. La surveillance régulière de LA a permis d'éviter de nombreuses défaillances dans les sous-stations de 66 kV à 765 kV. Les valeurs de ce courant varient normalement de fractions de milliampères à quelques milliampères, et sont caractérisées par des variations de courant résistif dont la valeur est un indicateur de la détérioration du Surge Arrester. La composante résistive de ce courant de fuite peut augmenter en raison de différentes contraintes provoquant le vieillissement et provoquant finalement des défaillances du parafoudre. Foire aux questions (FAQ) FAQ about lightning arrester testing : 01 What is the purpose of online testing for lightning arresters? The purpose of online testing for HV lightning arresters is to evaluate their health and operational condition while they remain energized and connected to the high-voltage system. This non-intrusive testing monitors critical parameters—especially leakage current—to detect early signs of insulation degradation, moisture ingress, or internal damage. By performing these tests without disconnecting the arrester, utilities can ensure continuous protection against transient over voltages, prevent unexpected failures, and schedule maintenance proactively, thereby enhancing system reliability and safety. 02 How does online testing differ from offline testing of lightning arresters? Online testing of lightning arresters is performed while the arrester is energized and connected to the live high-voltage system. It monitors parameters like leakage current and voltage in real time to assess the arrester’s condition without interrupting power supply or removing the arrester from service. Offline testing, on the other hand, requires disconnecting the arrester from the system and applying controlled test voltages or impulses in a laboratory or test environment. This allows detailed diagnostic tests, such as insulation resistance, dielectric withstand, and energy absorption capability, but causes downtime and power disruption. In summary, online testing enables continuous condition monitoring without service interruption, while offline testing offers more comprehensive diagnostics but requires taking the arrester out of operation. 03 What parameters are measured during online testing of lightning arresters? During online testing of lightning arresters, the key parameters measured include: Leakage current: Both resistive and capacitive components are monitored to detect insulation deterioration or moisture ingress. Discharge current: Measures the arrester’s response to transient overvoltages. Voltage across the arrester: To correlate leakage current with operating voltage. Power factor (dissipation factor): Indicates the level of insulation losses and ageing. Harmonic content of leakage current: Helps identify partial discharges or defects. Continuous monitoring of these parameters helps identify early signs of failure and evaluate arrester condition in real time. 04 What types of leakage current patterns indicate a failing arrester? In surge arresters (typically metal oxide varistor or MOV-based), leakage current patterns can offer early warning signs of deterioration or failure. Here are the key types of leakage current patterns that indicate a failing arrester: 1. Increasing Total Leakage Current Over Time What it means: The arrester is gradually losing its insulation resistance. Cause: Ageing of the zinc oxide blocks or moisture ingress. Warning: A consistent upward trend is a red flag — especially under normal system voltage. 2. High Resistive Leakage Current What it means: An increase in resistive (non-linear) current indicates internal degradation. Why it's critical: Unlike capacitive leakage (which is normal), resistive leakage is a sign of arrester deterioration. How it shows up: Measured using third-harmonic analysis or waveform separation techniques. 3. Sudden Jumps or Spikes in Leakage Current What it means: Possible internal flashover, moisture ingress, or external contamination. Typical sign: A sharp increase without a gradual trend. Next step: Immediate inspection or replacement is usually advised. 4. Leakage Current with Strong Daily Variation What it means: Leakage current rises during daytime due to heating and falls at night — abnormal if variation is large. Potential cause: Moisture or contamination interacting with thermal cycles. 5. Phase Shift Changes in Leakage Current What it means: The phase angle between voltage and leakage current shifts — especially the third harmonic. Used in: Online monitoring systems. Why it matters: Indicates the balance between capacitive and resistive components is shifting unfavourably. 6. Leakage Current under Wet Conditions What it means: If leakage current increases dramatically during rain or fog, it may indicate surface tracking or contamination. Action: Cleaning or replacing the arrester may be required. 05 Which standard is most widely accepted worldwide? The IEC 60099-4 standard (from the International Electrotechnical Commission) is the most widely accepted global standard for metal-oxide lightning arresters. It defines performance criteria, testing procedures—including online monitoring methods—and requirements for high-voltage arresters used in power systems. The B2 method for assessing leakage current in metal-oxide surge arresters is detailed in the IEC 60099-4 standard — specifically in IEC 60099-4:2013, titled "Surge arresters — Part 4: Metal-oxide surge arresters without gaps for AC systems — Methods of test". This standard outlines how to measure and analyze leakage current components, including the resistive part used in the B2 method, for condition assessment and online monitoring of high-voltage lightning arresters. 06 Do you know Which parameter are measured in IEC 60099-4 B2 Method ? In the B2 method, leakage current measurement is used to evaluate the condition of a metal-oxide lightning arrester by analyzing its resistive (non-capacitive) leakage current component while the arrester is energized at operating voltage. Here’s how it works: Measurement: The total leakage current flowing through the arrester is measured using sensitive instruments. This current consists of a capacitive component (normal and stable) and a resistive component (indicative of arrester aging or damage). Resistive component isolation: The B2 method focuses on isolating the resistive part of the leakage current, as an increase in resistive current usually signals degradation, moisture ingress, or damage to the arrester’s internal varistors. Analysis: By comparing the measured resistive leakage current to baseline or manufacturer’s reference values, the condition of the arrester can be assessed. A rising resistive leakage current over time indicates deteriorating insulation and the potential for failure. Trend monitoring: Periodic measurements allow trend analysis, helping predict the arrester’s remaining life and plan maintenance before catastrophic failure occurs. This method is widely used because it is sensitive, non-invasive, and can be performed online without disconnecting the arrester. 07 Which compensations are taken care in B2 method typically In the B2 method, leakage current measurement is used to evaluate the condition of a metal-oxide lightning arrester by analyzing its resistive (non-capacitive) leakage current component while the arrester is energized at operating voltage. Here’s how it works: Measurement: The total leakage current flowing through the arrester is measured using sensitive instruments. This current consists of a capacitive component (normal and stable) and a resistive component (indicative of arrester aging or damage). Resistive component isolation: The B2 method focuses on isolating the resistive part of the leakage current, as an increase in resistive current usually signals degradation, moisture ingress, or damage to the arrester’s internal varistors. Analysis: By comparing the measured resistive leakage current to baseline or manufacturer’s reference values, the condition of the arrester can be assessed. A rising resistive leakage current over time indicates deteriorating insulation and the potential for failure. Trend monitoring: Periodic measurements allow trend analysis, helping predict the arrester’s remaining life and plan maintenance before catastrophic failure occurs. This method is widely used because it is sensitive, non-invasive, and can be performed online without disconnecting the arrester.

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KPM India |We are electrical test equipment manufacturers, We deal in CT PT Analyzer, Relay Test Kit , Tan delta , Transformer Test Kits , LA Testers etc.|form page |https://kpmtek.wixsite.com/website/fr/form-page Customer Information Contact Person: Designation and Dept. Company Name: Phone Number: Email Address: Website (if any): Location (City, Country): Machine Requirements Machine application If application is not mentioned * Make/Brand Model (Please mention "not decided" in case model is not finalised by you) Mention detailed specification and purpose of machine Expected Purchase Timeline (in months) Immediate 1–3 months 3–6 months 6 or more Expected Budget in lakhs Submit

KPM India |We are electrical test equipment manufacturers, We deal in CT PT Analyzer, Relay Test Kit , Tan delta , Transformer Test Kits , LA Testers etc.|PD - Projects |https://kpmtek.wixsite.com/website/fr/pd-projects Projets de décharge partielle Generating Sets at QEC, Vietnam PD & VW Test System for Surge Arrester at Siemens, China 15kVA/120kV PD & VW Test for Instrument Transformer at Xishang Electric 10kVA-120kV VW test for Electric Components at Hangzhou Yunuo Technology Shielding Room of PD and VW test for Switch Cabinet at Pinggao Electric Group Power Transfomer Comprehensive Tests for Power Transformer at Ningbo Gerace Electric 5kVA/150kV Digital PD test for 35kV Switch Cabinet at China Energy Engineering Group Partial Discharge Equipment for 35kV Dry type Power Transformer at Dongmeng Electric Partial Discharge Shielding Room for Power Transformer PD test at Dongfang Electronics Co., Ltd. 50kVA/50kV Power Frequency Voltage WIthstanding Test for Various Electrical Equipment at Shanghai El 150kV Partial Discharge & Voltage Withstanding Test for Switch Cabinet at ABB, China

All type of electrical testing and commissioning services Services de test Test et mise en service Essais et mise en service de tous Panneaux LV / HV / UHV Appareillages Plusieurs sous-stations intérieures et extérieures Station isolée au gaz [GIS] dans la plage de tension de 400V - 765KV Générateurs MT/BT Transformateurs de puissance Moteurs Banques de condensateurs Réacteurs Câbles Isolateurs Parafoudres CT, PT, CVT, Disjoncteurs NG, NGT, panneaux de contrôle et de relais pour générateur, Coupleur FBus, transfert de bus et contrôle de ligne, etc. Renseignez-vous Surveillance Capacité et Tan Delta Analyse de réponse en fréquence de balayage [SFRA] Décharge partielle Détection d'imperfection de noyau électromagnétique [ELCID] Déviation de coin Test RSO Comparaison des surtensions Test DC Hi-Pot, résistance d'isolement, indice de polarisation. Renseignez-vous

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KPM India |We are electrical test equipment manufacturers, We deal in CT PT Analyzer, Relay Test Kit , Tan delta , Transformer Test Kits , LA Testers etc.|PD Calibrator |https://kpmtek.wixsite.com/website/fr/pdcalibrator Calibrateur DP

In KPM Engineering Solution Pvt. Ltd our solutions are Thermal Imager camera, fever monitoring solution, Relay Test Kit, CT/PT Analyzer, Oil BDV, Transformer Testing , Circuit Breaker Testing, LA Testing, Ground Testing, Partial Discharge Testing. Visit www.kpmtek.com for details Technical support and services Localized Service Center A Key to Success for Hi-Tech Equipment Providers Relay Test Kits CT/PT Analyzers Tan Delta Kits And other advanced diagnostic instruments. With local spare parts availability, we ensure fast turnaround times and reliable repairs, resulting in minimal downtime and maximum customer satisfaction. At KPM, we believe that a localized service center is crucial to the success of any high-tech equipment provider. We take pride in operating a state-of-the-art service center with over 10 years of experience in the repair and maintenance of critical testing equipment, including: Contact Us

KPM India |We are electrical test equipment manufacturers, We deal in CT PT Analyzer, Relay Test Kit , Tan delta , Transformer Test Kits , LA Testers etc.|PD Detector (Analog) |https://kpmtek.wixsite.com/website/fr/pd-detector-analog Détecteur PD (Analogique)