KPM ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS is an electrical test equipment provider with strong support. Our solutions are Relay Test Kit, CT/PT Analyzer, Oil BDV, Transformer Testing, Circuit Breaker Testing, LA Testing, Ground Testing, Partial Discharge Testing, Thermal Imager Camera, PIK, SIK, AC/DC HIPOT. CONTACTER KPM Bureau de Gurgaon : Numéro de téléphone : +91 124 4001088, Email : sales@kpmtek.com _cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b- 136bad5cf58d_ (Centre de vente et de service) Bangalore Office : Phone Number : +91 8123950553, Email : blr@kpmtek.com _cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b -136bad5cf58d_ _cc781905-5cde -3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ (Centre de vente et de service) EU Contact _cc781905-5cde-3194 -bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ : Phone Number :+48 539438443 , Email : sales@kpmtek.com _cc781905-5cde-3194 -bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ _cc781905 -5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ ( Ventes et assistance technique )

KPM India |We are electrical test equipment manufacturers, We deal in CT PT Analyzer, Relay Test Kit , Tan delta , Transformer Test Kits , LA Testers etc.|PD Detector (Digital) |https://kpmtek.wixsite.com/website/fr/pd-detector-digital Détecteur PD (Numérique)

Advanced cable testing equipment by KPM for precise fault location, insulation testing, and condition monitoring of power cables. SURVEILLANCE DE DP ET DE TERRE EN LIGNE KPM TAN DELTA 40 KPM TD 40 KPM TD 40 capacitance and tan delta tester is designed for condition assessment of high capacitance & high voltage electrical insulation in high voltage apparatus. It is a measurement instrument that is used with an AC power source and a standard capacitor to form a complete measurement setup. KPM TD 40 is a two-piece design. the control module and the test module communicate wirelessly during the test. KPM DC HIPOT KPM DC HIPOT KPM Portable DC Hipot Test Set consists of a control unit & a double rectifier unit. The KPM- DC series of HIPOTs is light weight, portable & easy to use. These units are user friendly & its output is stable at even high voltages DC vs AC High-potential Testing Direct current high-potential testing provides several advantages over alternating current. KPM VLF Series KPM VLF Series KPM offers the most portable and easy to use VLF hipots available in market. A VLF hipotis just an AC output tester but with an output frequency of 0.1 Hz or lower rather than 0.1 Hz. Although the frequency is very low, it is still an alternating current with polarity reverses after every half cycle. At 0.1 Hz output, rather than 50Hz, it takes 500 times less current and power to apply an AC voltage to a capacitive load, like a long cable. KPM AC HIPOT KPM AC HIPTO KPM Portable AC/DC Hipot Test Set consists of a control unit & a double rectifier unit. The KPM-AC/DC series of HIPOTs is light weight , portable & easy to use. These units are user friendly& its output is stable at even high voltages it is the basic test equipment used by the power station, transmission and distribution companies for testing the insulation strength of all kind of electrical products, electrical equipment and insulated materials. KPM VLF Hipot Tester KPM VLF Hipot Tester KPM offers the most portable and easy to use VLF hipots available in market. A VLF hipotis just an AC output tester but with an output frequency of 0.1 Hz or lower rather than 0.1 Hz. Although the frequency is very low, it is still an alternating current with polarity reverses after every half cycle. At 0.1 Hz output, rather than 50Hz, it takes 500 times less current and power to apply an AC voltage to a capacitive load, like a long cable. Foire aux questions (FAQ) FAQ about Cable testing : 01 1. What is VLF testing, and why is it used for cable diagnostics? VLF (Very Low Frequency) testing applies a low-frequency AC voltage—typically 0.01 Hz to 0.1 Hz—to power cables to assess their insulation condition. It’s used because VLF testing can apply a high voltage stress similar to normal operating conditions but with less heating and damage risk than standard power frequency tests. This makes it ideal for diagnosing medium- and high-voltage cables, especially in field conditions, to detect weaknesses like insulation degradation, voids, or defects before failure occurs. 02 2. How does VLF testing differ from conventional AC hipot testing? VLF testing uses a very low frequency (typically 0.01 to 0.1 Hz) AC voltage, whereas conventional AC hipot testing applies standard power frequency (50/60 Hz) voltage. The low frequency in VLF reduces the capacitive charging current in long cables, allowing high test voltages without overheating the cable insulation. This makes VLF safer and more practical for field testing of long medium- and high-voltage cables. In contrast, conventional AC hipot tests can cause excessive heating and damage when used on such cables. 03 3. What types of cable defects can VLF testing detect? VLF testing is effective at identifying a wide range of insulation defects and weaknesses within medium- and high-voltage power cables. It can detect partial discharge (PD) activity, which is a common early indicator of insulation deterioration such as microscopic voids or cracks within the cable’s insulation material. These PD sites generate localized electrical discharges that degrade the insulation over time, potentially leading to catastrophic failure if not addressed. Additionally, VLF testing can reveal water ingress problems, where moisture penetrates the insulation and lowers its dielectric strength, as well as contamination or aging effects such as thermal, mechanical, or chemical degradation of the insulation material. It can also uncover manufacturing defects like thin spots, improper curing, or insulation gaps. While VLF testing is excellent for assessing the overall integrity of the cable insulation and detecting areas of weakness, it may not precisely locate the defects. For detailed localization, it is often combined with other techniques such as partial discharge (PD) measurements or time-domain reflectometry (TDR). 04 4. What is Tan Delta (VLD) testing, and how does it assess cable insulation quality? Tan Delta (also called Very Low Dissipation factor or VLD) testing measures the dielectric losses in cable insulation by applying an AC voltage and analyzing the phase difference between the current and voltage. The "tan delta" represents the ratio of resistive (lossy) current to capacitive (ideal) current. A low tan delta value indicates good insulation with minimal energy loss, while higher values suggest deterioration due to moisture, contamination, or aging. By measuring these losses, Tan Delta testing assesses the overall insulation condition and detects early-stage degradation before catastrophic failure. It is highly sensitive to insulation quality changes and is commonly used for condition assessment and preventive maintenance of medium- and high-voltage cables. 05 5. How do Tan Delta results indicate the health or degradation of a cable? Tan Delta results reflect the insulation’s dielectric losses, which increase as the cable ages or deteriorates. A low tan delta value means the insulation is healthy, with minimal leakage current and good dielectric integrity. Conversely, a rising tan delta value indicates increasing insulation defects such as moisture ingress, contamination, cracks, or thermal aging. Trends in tan delta over time are especially important: a gradual increase suggests progressive degradation, allowing maintenance teams to plan repairs before failure occurs. Sudden spikes may point to acute damage or contamination. Thus, monitoring tan delta values helps assess the insulation’s condition, predict remaining service life, and prioritize maintenance actions. 06 6. What is VLF Partial Discharge (PD) testing, and how does it help's identify insulation defects? VLF Partial Discharge (PD) testing uses very low frequency voltage to stress the cable insulation while detecting and measuring partial discharges—tiny electrical sparks that occur within insulation voids or defects. These discharges are often early signs of insulation failure, caused by imperfections like cracks, voids, or contamination. By capturing PD activity, VLF PD testing helps pinpoint insulation defects before they lead to catastrophic cable failure. It provides valuable insight into the type, location, and severity of defects, enabling targeted maintenance and reducing unplanned outages. This makes it a crucial tool for proactive cable condition assessment. 07 7. Can VLF PD testing detect early-stage insulation failures? Yes, VLF Partial Discharge (PD) testing is specifically designed to detect early-stage insulation failures. Partial discharges are small electrical sparks that occur in microscopic voids, cracks, or impurities within the cable insulation—often long before a complete breakdown happens. By applying very low frequency voltage, VLF PD testing stresses the insulation gently but effectively, allowing detection of these early PD activities. Detecting partial discharges early helps identify weak spots or developing defects in the insulation, enabling maintenance teams to address issues proactively, extend cable life, and avoid costly unplanned failures. 08 8. What are the typical test voltages and frequencies used in VLF cable testing for 11 kV and 33 kV cables? For 11 kV cables, the VLF test voltage typically ranges from 15 kV to 33 kV, depending on the test type—diagnostic tests usually use about 1.5 times the rated voltage (around 16.5 kV), while withstand tests may apply up to 2.5 to 3 times the rated voltage (up to ~33 kV). For 33 kV cables, the test voltage typically ranges from 45 kV to 75 kV, with diagnostic tests at around 1.5 times the rated voltage (approximately 49.5 kV), and withstand tests potentially up to 2.5 times rated voltage (about 82.5 kV), though the upper limit depends on cable specifications and standards. In both cases, the frequency used is very low—typically 0.1 Hz—to reduce capacitive currents and minimize heating during testing, making it safe and effective for long cable lengths. 09 9. How do environmental factors affect VLF, Tan Delta, and PD test results? Environmental conditions like temperature, humidity, and soil moisture can significantly impact VLF, Tan Delta, and Partial Discharge (PD) test results. Temperature: Higher temperatures generally reduce insulation resistance and can increase Tan Delta values and PD activity due to increased molecular activity in the insulation. Low temperatures can raise resistance but might mask some defects. Humidity and Moisture: Moisture ingress lowers insulation resistance and increases dielectric losses, causing higher Tan Delta readings and more PD activity. Wet conditions can lead to more apparent insulation degradation during testing. Soil Conditions: For underground cables, soil resistivity and moisture affect grounding and test current paths, influencing VLF and PD measurements. Dry or rocky soils may lead to higher resistance readings. Surface Contamination: Dirt, oil, or salts on cable surfaces can cause surface discharges, impacting PD and Tan Delta results. Because of these factors, it’s important to consider and document environmental conditions during testing and, where possible, perform tests under similar conditions for consistent trending and accurate diagnostics. 10 10. What are the safety precautions and best practices during VLF and PD cable testing? Ensure Proper Training: Only qualified personnel familiar with high-voltage testing and equipment should conduct tests. Use Appropriate PPE: Wear insulated gloves, safety glasses, and flame-resistant clothing. Clear the Test Area: Establish a safe perimeter with warning signs and barriers to prevent unauthorized access during testing. Verify Equipment Condition: Check all test instruments, leads, and connections for damage before use. De-energize and Ground Cables: Ensure the cable is disconnected from the power system and properly grounded before connecting test equipment. Follow Manufacturer Guidelines: Use the recommended test voltages, durations, and procedures specific to the cable type and equipment. Monitor Test Parameters: Continuously observe voltage, current, and PD activity during the test to detect abnormalities early. Avoid Testing in Hazardous Environments: Do not perform tests during storms, wet conditions, or explosive atmospheres. Record Test Data Accurately: Document all parameters, environmental conditions, and observations for traceability and analysis. Emergency Preparedness: Have clear procedures for immediate shutdown and emergency response in case of equipment failure or personnel hazard. Following these precautions ensures safety and reliable test results while protecting both personnel and equipment.

Advanced transformer oil testing by KPM for precise oil analysis, insulation assessment, and efficient transformer maintenance. ÉQUIPEMENT DE LABORATOIRE D'ESSAI D'HUILE TESTEUR DE POINT ECLAIR (KPM OT 01) Voir plus Le testeur de point d'éclair d'huile de transformateur à coupe fermée KPM OT 01 est un testeur de point d'éclair fermé automatique. Il est utilisé pour mesurer le point d'éclair ouvert et fermé des produits pétroliers. Paramètres techniques-: 1. Mesure de température Plage de mesure de température : -59,9 °C~299,9 °C Plage de contrôle de la température : température ambiante ~ 300 °C Répétabilité : 0,025X (x = deux fois la valeur moyenne du test successif) Résolution : 0,1 °C Précision : 0,5 % Capteur de température : résistance platine (PT100) Capteur d'incendie Flash : anneau de détection d'ions 2. Température ambiante : 0 ~ 40 °C 3. Humidité relative : ≤ 85 % HR 4. Alimentation : AC220V ± 20% ; 50Hz ± 10% 5. Consommation électrique : environ 400 W TESTEUR DE POINT ECLAIR (KPM OT 01) Voir plus Le testeur de point d'éclair d'huile de transformateur à coupe fermée KPM OT 01 est un testeur de point d'éclair fermé automatique. Il est utilisé pour mesurer le point d'éclair ouvert et fermé des produits pétroliers. Paramètres techniques-: 1. Mesure de température Plage de mesure de température : -59,9 °C~299,9 °C Plage de contrôle de la température : température ambiante ~ 300 °C Répétabilité : 0,025X (x = deux fois la valeur moyenne du test successif) Résolution : 0,1 °C Précision : 0,5 % Capteur de température : résistance platine (PT100) Capteur d'incendie Flash : anneau de détection d'ions 2. Température ambiante : 0 ~ 40 °C 3. Humidité relative : ≤ 85 % HR 4. Alimentation : AC220V ± 20% ; 50Hz ± 10% 5. Consommation électrique : environ 400 W TESTEUR DE VISCOSITÉ (KPM OT O3) Voir plus La viscosité cinématique est la mesure de la force de frottement interne lorsque le liquide s'écoule sous l'action de la gravité, et sa valeur est le rapport de la viscosité dynamique à la densité à la même température, qui est l'une des propriétés physiques et chimiques importantes de identification du grade et de la qualité de l'huile. Dans l'application pratique, une sélection appropriée de la viscosité de l'huile de lubrification peut assurer le travail normal et fiable de l'équipement mécanique. KPM OT 03 est l'équipement de test spécial conçu et fabriqué sur la base des normes nationales/internationales. KPM OT 03 convient à la détermination de la viscosité cinématique des produits pétroliers liquides. L'instrument a une fonction de minuterie du temps de déplacement de l'échantillon et une fonction de calcul automatique des résultats finaux de la viscosité cinématique. Caractéristiques de l'instrument de test de viscosité cinématique ◆Constante du viscosimètre, valeur de contrôle de la température, température de réglage fin, le nombre de tests et d'autres paramètres peuvent être définis par clavier, l'instrument dispose d'une fonction de mémoire pour enregistrer automatiquement les données définies à la première fois ◆ Adoptez un capteur importé et une toute nouvelle technologie de contrôle de la température à réglage automatique PID numérique, qui a une large plage de contrôle de la température et une précision de contrôle de la température élevée ◆ L'horloge du calendrier ne s'éteint pas et affiche l'heure actuelle automatiquement au démarrage ◆ Fonction alternative de communication réseau, télécommande, tabulation ◆ Bouton sans marque, l'opération est intuitive et simple. ◆ Le nombre de temps d'expérience est de 1 à 6 fois/fois, ce qui est réglable et pratique ◆ L'enregistrement expérimental peut être enregistré pour une visualisation ultérieure. Paramètres techniques du testeur de viscosité cinématique ◆ Trou de bain liquide : 4 trous ◆Plage de contrôle de la température : température ambiante —120℃ ◆ Précision de contrôle de la température : ≤ ± 0,01 ℃ ◆Puissance de chauffage : 1000W ◆Test fois : 1 à 6 fois/fois, réglable HUILE TAN DELTA ( KPM OTD 01 ) Voir plus KPM OTD01 is used for measuring dielectric dissipation_cc781905 -5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_factor and DC resistivity of insulating oil_cc781905 -5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_and other liquides isolants. KPM OTD01 dans un testeur de perte diélectrique et de résistivité à huile isolante auto-nettoyante 1.Oil cup is cleaned automatically and_cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b- 136bad5cf58d_has electrode étalonnage fonction._cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-586_ 2. Internal standard capacitor electrode type_cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b- 136bad5cf58d_condensateur,avec electrode spacing 2mm. 3.Large-screen LCD,backlight, display is clear._cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b- 136bad5cf58d_ 4.More accurate. Testing AC power supply_cc781905-5cde-3194- bb3b-136bad5cf58d_adopts AC - DC -_cc781905-5cde-3194 -bb3b-136bad5cf58d_AC conversion method. 5.Equipped with overvoltage, overcurrent and limit_cc781905-5cde-3194- bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ protections. 6.Measured temperature and system clock. _cc781905-5cde-3194- bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ Technical Parameters Alimentation Voltage : AC 220V±10% Puissance Fréquence : 50Hz/60Hz ±1% Measurement Rangecapacitance : 5pF ~ 200pF relative permittivité : 1.000~30.000 diélectrique dissipation factor : 0.00001~100 DC Résistivité : 2.5 MΩm~20 TΩm Mesure Capacité de précision : ± (1 % lecture + 0,5 pF) relative permittivité : ±1 % lecture dielectric dissipation factor : ±(1% reading +0.0001) DC Résistivité : ±10% lecture Résolution Capacité de rapport : 0,01 pF relative permittivité : 0,001 diélectrique dissipation facteur : 0,00001 Température Plage : 0~125℃ Thermométrique Erreur : ±0.5℃ AC testing voltage : 500 ~ 2200V adjustable,_cc781905-5cde- 3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_frequency 50 HZ DC testing voltage : 0 ~ 500V adjustable Puissance Dissipation : 100w Limite Dimension : 500mm*360mm*420mm Poids : 22kg TESTEUR D'ACIDITÉ ( KPM OT 05 ) Voir plus L'acidité de l'huile de transformateur est une propriété nocive. Si l'huile devient acide, la teneur en eau de l'huile devient plus soluble dans l'huile. L'acidité de l'huile détériore la propriété d'isolation de l'isolation en papier de l'enroulement. L'acidité accélère le processus d'oxydation de l'huile. L'acide comprend également la rouille du fer en présence d'humidité. L' acidité de l'huile de transformateur est la mesure de ses constituants acides de contaminants. L'acidité de l'huile est exprimée en mg de KOH nécessaire pour neutraliser l'acide présent dans un gramme d'huile. Ceci est également connu sous le nom de numéro de neutralisation. KPM OT 05 est un testeur automatique d'indice d'acide avec les caractéristiques ci-dessous : Utilitaire multifonction - peut tester la valeur cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ acid de l'huile de transformateur, de l'huile de turbine et du mazout. équipé de procédures standard d'acide et d'étalonnage Entièrement automatique Micro-imprimante affichage LCD Haute précision Opération facile Technical Parameter : Item Transformer oil acid value tester _cc781905-5cde-3194 -bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ _cc781905-5cde-bb6-31905-5cde Acidity_cc781905-5cde-3194 -bb3b-136bad5cf58d_of transformer oil Test Range 0.001~1mg KOH/g Erreur ≤±0.001mg KOH/g Répétabilité ≤0.002mg KOH/g Température 10°c~45°c Humidité ≤85 % HR Alimentation Supply AC220V/50HZ Puissance 500W TESTEUR D'ACIDITÉ ( KPM OT 05 ) Voir plus L'acidité de l'huile de transformateur est une propriété nocive. Si l'huile devient acide, la teneur en eau de l'huile devient plus soluble dans l'huile. L'acidité de l'huile détériore la propriété d'isolation de l'isolation en papier de l'enroulement. L'acidité accélère le processus d'oxydation de l'huile. L'acide comprend également la rouille du fer en présence d'humidité. L' acidité de l'huile de transformateur est la mesure de ses constituants acides de contaminants. L'acidité de l'huile est exprimée en mg de KOH nécessaire pour neutraliser l'acide présent dans un gramme d'huile. Ceci est également connu sous le nom de numéro de neutralisation. KPM OT 05 est un testeur automatique d'indice d'acide avec les caractéristiques ci-dessous : Utilitaire multifonction - peut tester la valeur cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ acid de l'huile de transformateur, de l'huile de turbine et du mazout. équipé de procédures standard d'acide et d'étalonnage Entièrement automatique Micro-imprimante affichage LCD Haute précision Opération facile Technical Parameter : Item Transformer oil acid value tester _cc781905-5cde-3194 -bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ _cc781905-5cde-bb6-31905-5cde Acidity_cc781905-5cde-3194 -bb3b-136bad5cf58d_of transformer oil Test Range 0.001~1mg KOH/g Erreur ≤±0.001mg KOH/g Répétabilité ≤0.002mg KOH/g Température 10°c~45°c Humidité ≤85 % HR Alimentation Supply AC220V/50HZ Puissance 500W TESTEUR D'ACIDITÉ ( KPM OT 05 ) Voir plus L'acidité de l'huile de transformateur est une propriété nocive. Si l'huile devient acide, la teneur en eau de l'huile devient plus soluble dans l'huile. L'acidité de l'huile détériore la propriété d'isolation de l'isolation en papier de l'enroulement. L'acidité accélère le processus d'oxydation de l'huile. L'acide comprend également la rouille du fer en présence d'humidité. L' acidité de l'huile de transformateur est la mesure de ses constituants acides de contaminants. L'acidité de l'huile est exprimée en mg de KOH nécessaire pour neutraliser l'acide présent dans un gramme d'huile. Ceci est également connu sous le nom de numéro de neutralisation. KPM OT 05 est un testeur automatique d'indice d'acide avec les caractéristiques ci-dessous : Utilitaire multifonction - peut tester la valeur cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ acid de l'huile de transformateur, de l'huile de turbine et du mazout. équipé de procédures standard d'acide et d'étalonnage Entièrement automatique Micro-imprimante affichage LCD Haute précision Opération facile Technical Parameter : Item Transformer oil acid value tester _cc781905-5cde-3194 -bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ _cc781905-5cde-bb6-31905-5cde Acidity_cc781905-5cde-3194 -bb3b-136bad5cf58d_of transformer oil Test Range 0.001~1mg KOH/g Erreur ≤±0.001mg KOH/g Répétabilité ≤0.002mg KOH/g Température 10°c~45°c Humidité ≤85 % HR Alimentation Supply AC220V/50HZ Puissance 500W TESTEUR DE POINT ECLAIR (KPM OT 01) Voir plus Le testeur de point d'éclair d'huile de transformateur à coupe fermée KPM OT 01 est un testeur de point d'éclair fermé automatique. Il est utilisé pour mesurer le point d'éclair ouvert et fermé des produits pétroliers. Paramètres techniques-: 1. Mesure de température Plage de mesure de température : -59,9 °C~299,9 °C Plage de contrôle de la température : température ambiante ~ 300 °C Répétabilité : 0,025X (x = deux fois la valeur moyenne du test successif) Résolution : 0,1 °C Précision : 0,5 % Capteur de température : résistance platine (PT100) Capteur d'incendie Flash : anneau de détection d'ions 2. Température ambiante : 0 ~ 40 °C 3. Humidité relative : ≤ 85 % HR 4. Alimentation : AC220V ± 20% ; 50Hz ± 10% 5. Consommation électrique : environ 400 W KARL FISCHER (KPM OT 02) Voir plus Titreur Karl Fischer KPM OT 02 is suitable in determining water content in_cc781905-5cde-3194- bb3b-136bad5cf58d_the liquid petroleum products by titration using_cc781905- 5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_Karl Fischer reagent. It adopts a microprocessor for control, so_cc781905-5cde- 3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_it has characteristics of rapid determination speed, high precision, LCD display, and automatic print. It_cc781905-5cde-3194- bb3b-136bad5cf58d_also has function of self-diagnostics, menu_cc781905-5cde- 3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_selection. It is a multifunctional, convenient, et automatic analysis_cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-586_badinstrument. Titreur d'humidité volumétrique Karl Fischer Technical parameters : 1 Method Karl Fischer Coulometric Titrator_cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b- 136bad5cf58d_Principe 2 Type Portable 3 Mesure Range 0ug-100mg 4 Résolution 0.1ug 5 the Largest Electrolytic Speed 40_cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b- 136bad5cf58d_ug/s 6 Power Supply Voltage AC220V ±20%(_cc781905-5cde -3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_personnalisation) 7 Largest power 30w 8 Travail Température 10 ~ 35℃ 9 Travail Humidité ≤85% 10 Dimensions 320*240*150mm 11 Poids 5kg HUILE TAN DELTA ( KPM OTD 01 ) Voir plus KPM OTD01 is used for measuring dielectric dissipation_cc781905 -5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_factor and DC resistivity of insulating oil_cc781905 -5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_and other liquides isolants. KPM OTD01 dans un testeur de perte diélectrique et de résistivité à huile isolante auto-nettoyante 1.Oil cup is cleaned automatically and_cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b- 136bad5cf58d_has electrode étalonnage fonction._cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-586_ 2. Internal standard capacitor electrode type_cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b- 136bad5cf58d_condensateur,avec electrode spacing 2mm. 3.Large-screen LCD,backlight, display is clear._cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b- 136bad5cf58d_ 4.More accurate. Testing AC power supply_cc781905-5cde-3194- bb3b-136bad5cf58d_adopts AC - DC -_cc781905-5cde-3194 -bb3b-136bad5cf58d_AC conversion method. 5.Equipped with overvoltage, overcurrent and limit_cc781905-5cde-3194- bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ protections. 6.Measured temperature and system clock. _cc781905-5cde-3194- bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ Technical Parameters Alimentation Voltage : AC 220V±10% Puissance Fréquence : 50Hz/60Hz ±1% Measurement Rangecapacitance : 5pF ~ 200pF relative permittivité : 1.000~30.000 diélectrique dissipation factor : 0.00001~100 DC Résistivité : 2.5 MΩm~20 TΩm Mesure Capacité de précision : ± (1 % lecture + 0,5 pF) relative permittivité : ±1 % lecture dielectric dissipation factor : ±(1% reading +0.0001) DC Résistivité : ±10% lecture Résolution Capacité de rapport : 0,01 pF relative permittivité : 0,001 diélectrique dissipation facteur : 0,00001 Température Plage : 0~125℃ Thermométrique Erreur : ±0.5℃ AC testing voltage : 500 ~ 2200V adjustable,_cc781905-5cde- 3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_frequency 50 HZ DC testing voltage : 0 ~ 500V adjustable Puissance Dissipation : 100w Limite Dimension : 500mm*360mm*420mm Poids : 22kg TESTEUR D'ACIDITÉ ( KPM OT 05 ) Voir plus L'acidité de l'huile de transformateur est une propriété nocive. Si l'huile devient acide, la teneur en eau de l'huile devient plus soluble dans l'huile. L'acidité de l'huile détériore la propriété d'isolation de l'isolation en papier de l'enroulement. L'acidité accélère le processus d'oxydation de l'huile. L'acide comprend également la rouille du fer en présence d'humidité. L' acidité de l'huile de transformateur est la mesure de ses constituants acides de contaminants. L'acidité de l'huile est exprimée en mg de KOH nécessaire pour neutraliser l'acide présent dans un gramme d'huile. Ceci est également connu sous le nom de numéro de neutralisation. KPM OT 05 est un testeur automatique d'indice d'acide avec les caractéristiques ci-dessous : Utilitaire multifonction - peut tester la valeur cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ acid de l'huile de transformateur, de l'huile de turbine et du mazout. équipé de procédures standard d'acide et d'étalonnage Entièrement automatique Micro-imprimante affichage LCD Haute précision Opération facile Technical Parameter : Item Transformer oil acid value tester _cc781905-5cde-3194 -bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ _cc781905-5cde-bb6-31905-5cde Acidity_cc781905-5cde-3194 -bb3b-136bad5cf58d_of transformer oil Test Range 0.001~1mg KOH/g Erreur ≤±0.001mg KOH/g Répétabilité ≤0.002mg KOH/g Température 10°c~45°c Humidité ≤85 % HR Alimentation Supply AC220V/50HZ Puissance 500W TESTEUR D'ACIDITÉ ( KPM OT 05 ) Voir plus L'acidité de l'huile de transformateur est une propriété nocive. Si l'huile devient acide, la teneur en eau de l'huile devient plus soluble dans l'huile. L'acidité de l'huile détériore la propriété d'isolation de l'isolation en papier de l'enroulement. L'acidité accélère le processus d'oxydation de l'huile. L'acide comprend également la rouille du fer en présence d'humidité. L' acidité de l'huile de transformateur est la mesure de ses constituants acides de contaminants. L'acidité de l'huile est exprimée en mg de KOH nécessaire pour neutraliser l'acide présent dans un gramme d'huile. Ceci est également connu sous le nom de numéro de neutralisation. KPM OT 05 est un testeur automatique d'indice d'acide avec les caractéristiques ci-dessous : Utilitaire multifonction - peut tester la valeur cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ acid de l'huile de transformateur, de l'huile de turbine et du mazout. équipé de procédures standard d'acide et d'étalonnage Entièrement automatique Micro-imprimante affichage LCD Haute précision Opération facile Technical Parameter : Item Transformer oil acid value tester _cc781905-5cde-3194 -bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ _cc781905-5cde-bb6-31905-5cde Acidity_cc781905-5cde-3194 -bb3b-136bad5cf58d_of transformer oil Test Range 0.001~1mg KOH/g Erreur ≤±0.001mg KOH/g Répétabilité ≤0.002mg KOH/g Température 10°c~45°c Humidité ≤85 % HR Alimentation Supply AC220V/50HZ Puissance 500W TESTEUR D'ACIDITÉ ( KPM OT 05 ) Voir plus L'acidité de l'huile de transformateur est une propriété nocive. Si l'huile devient acide, la teneur en eau de l'huile devient plus soluble dans l'huile. L'acidité de l'huile détériore la propriété d'isolation de l'isolation en papier de l'enroulement. L'acidité accélère le processus d'oxydation de l'huile. L'acide comprend également la rouille du fer en présence d'humidité. L' acidité de l'huile de transformateur est la mesure de ses constituants acides de contaminants. L'acidité de l'huile est exprimée en mg de KOH nécessaire pour neutraliser l'acide présent dans un gramme d'huile. Ceci est également connu sous le nom de numéro de neutralisation. KPM OT 05 est un testeur automatique d'indice d'acide avec les caractéristiques ci-dessous : Utilitaire multifonction - peut tester la valeur cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ acid de l'huile de transformateur, de l'huile de turbine et du mazout. équipé de procédures standard d'acide et d'étalonnage Entièrement automatique Micro-imprimante affichage LCD Haute précision Opération facile Technical Parameter : Item Transformer oil acid value tester _cc781905-5cde-3194 -bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ _cc781905-5cde-bb6-31905-5cde Acidity_cc781905-5cde-3194 -bb3b-136bad5cf58d_of transformer oil Test Range 0.001~1mg KOH/g Erreur ≤±0.001mg KOH/g Répétabilité ≤0.002mg KOH/g Température 10°c~45°c Humidité ≤85 % HR Alimentation Supply AC220V/50HZ Puissance 500W Kit de test d'huile BDV (OBD 100A +) Voir plus Comme son nom l'indique, le kit de test Oil BDV (KPM-OBD100A+) est utilisé pour mesurer la résistance à la rupture de l'huile isolante. Capable de générer 80/100KV avec une imprimante embarquée. Agitateur motorisé et programmé Poids léger 0.5KV/sec to 5KV/sec variable voltage rise as per ASTM Standards 136bad5cf58d_ modèles) Kit de test d'huile BDV (OBD 100+) Voir plus Comme son nom l'indique, le kit de test Oil BDV (KPM-OBD 100+) est utilisé pour mesurer la résistance à la rupture de l'huile isolante. Capable de générer 80/100KV avec une imprimante embarquée. Agitateur motorisé et programmé Poids léger Augmentation de tension de 2 KV/sec avec plans de test automatiques selon CEI et IS Foire aux questions (FAQ) FAQ about Oil testing : 01 How to Perform a Reliable 10kV Insulation Test? A 10kV insulation resistance test is used to evaluate the dielectric strength of high-voltage equipment like transformers, motors, and cables. To perform it reliably, first de-energize and isolate the equipment, ensuring it's properly grounded. Clean terminals to remove surface contamination. Connect the insulation tester leads: One to the conductor and the other to ground. Select the 10kV test voltage on the insulation resistance tester. Begin the test and monitor resistance for 1 to 10 minutes—longer durations help identify moisture or insulation defects. Readings should be in the GΩ (giga ohm) range for healthy insulation. Apply DAR (Dielectric Absorption Ratio) or PI (Polarization Index) analysis to assess insulation aging. Ensure environmental conditions are dry and free of electrical noise for accuracy. KPM provides high-voltage insulation testers with digital displays, timer functions, and built-in safety features, ensuring accurate, safe, and standards-compliant insulation testing across utility and industrial applications. 02 Differences Between 5kV, 10kV, and 15kV Insulation Testers? The main difference between 5kV, 10kV, and 15kV insulation testers lies in their test voltage output, which determines the type of equipment they are suited for and the depth of insulation assessment they provide. 5kV testers are typically used for low to medium voltage equipment like motors, cables, and switchgear up to 25kV. 10kV testers are suitable for higher-voltage systems such as power transformers, HV motors, and cables rated up to 69kV, providing a deeper insulation profile. 15kV testers are used for critical high-voltage assets above 69kV, enabling detection of insulation weaknesses that lower voltages may miss. Higher voltage testers stress insulation more, revealing latent defects and moisture absorption. However, using too high a voltage on low-rated equipment can cause damage. KPM offers 5kV, 10kV, and 15kV insulation testers with digital readings, polarization index (PI), and DAR calculations, ideal for field diagnostics and predictive maintenance. 03 What is Karl Fischer Titration ? Explain Moisture Testing in Oil. Karl Fischer (KF) titration is a precise chemical method used to measure moisture content (water) in substances, including insulating oils, with accuracy down to parts per million (ppm). It's the preferred method for transformer oil and lubricants because even trace moisture can degrade dielectric strength, cause corrosion, or affect equipment performance. How It Works: KF titration is based on a chemical reaction where iodine reacts with water in the presence of sulfur dioxide and alcohol, using a base (often imidazole or pyridine) as a catalyst: This reaction occurs until all water is consumed. The amount of iodine used is directly proportional to the moisture present. Types of KF Titration: Volumetric KF: For water content above 1%. Common in oil testing. Coulometric KF: For ultra-low moisture (<1%), generating iodine electrochemically. Advantages: Highly accurate (1–10 ppm range). Specific to water (no interference from other volatiles). Widely accepted in ASTM D1533 for transformer oil testing. KPM supplies Karl Fischer titrators for both volumetric and coulometric methods, used in power utilities and oil testing labs to ensure insulation oils remain within safe moisture limits. 04 How to Identify Oil Contamination Using BDV Testers? Breakdown Voltage (BDV) testing is a key method to identify contamination in insulating oils used in transformers, circuit breakers, and other high-voltage equipment. A BDV tester applies a gradually increasing AC voltage to a sample of insulating oil placed between two standard electrodes. Clean, dry oil has high dielectric strength and resists electrical breakdown. However, the presence of moisture, dissolved gases, carbon particles, or sludge lowers the breakdown voltage significantly. Typically, good transformer oil should withstand 30 kV or more in a 2.5 mm electrode gap. A low BDV reading (e.g., below 20 kV) suggests contamination. Multiple test cycles (usually 5–6) help eliminate anomalies and confirm consistency. KPM provides automated and manual BDV testers with features like automatic voltage ramping, stirrers for even testing, digital displays, and built-in standards (IEC 60156, ASTM D1816), ensuring accurate detection of oil contamination and timely maintenance planning. 05 What is Viscosity and Pour Point in Transformer Oils? Viscosity is the measure of a fluid's resistance to flow. In transformer oils, optimal viscosity is crucial for: Heat transfer: Low viscosity allows better circulation and cooling. Lubrication: Protects internal parts from wear. Pump efficiency: Thinner oil reduces mechanical stress on pumps. High viscosity at low temperatures can hinder oil movement, reducing cooling and increasing risk of overheating. Transformer oils typically have a viscosity range of 8–12 cSt at 40°C, as per IEC and ASTM standards. Pour Point: Pour point is the lowest temperature at which oil still flows. It indicates how oil behaves in cold environments. A low pour point ensures the oil remains pumpable and circulates properly during cold starts or winter operation. A good transformer oil has a pour point below -30°C, as per ASTM D97 or ISO 3016. KPM provides viscosity and pour point testing kits and services compliant with ASTM D445 and D97, ensuring transformer oil meets safety and performance standards. 06 What is Flash Point Testing? What are its Safety Standards and Applications? Flash point testing determines the lowest temperature at which a liquid emits enough vapor to ignite in the presence of an ignition source. It is a critical parameter for assessing the fire and explosion risk of flammable and combustible liquids such as fuels, lubricants, and transformer oils. This test ensures the safe handling, storage, and transportation of these substances. Globally recognized standards such as ASTM D93 (Pensky-Martens Closed Cup), ISO 2719, and ASTM D56 (Tag Closed Tester) provide standardized methods to ensure consistency and safety. Applications span industries like petrochemicals, energy, pharmaceuticals, and aviation, where accurate flash point data is essential for risk assessments, regulatory compliance, and material classification. KPM ensures strict adherence to international safety standards by offering flash point testers that comply with ASTM D93, ISO 2719, and related norms. KPM’s equipment features precision temperature control, sealed test chambers, and automation to eliminate user error. These instruments are calibrated and validated regularly to maintain measurement integrity. Additionally, KPM provides comprehensive support, including training and servicing, to ensure customers conduct testing safely and accurately. By aligning with global testing protocols, KPM plays a key role in advancing operational safety and regulatory compliance across 07 What is Oil Tan Delta? Also understanding Dielectric Loss. Tan Delta, also known as the dissipation factor, is a key parameter used to evaluate the dielectric loss in insulating oils. It represents the ratio of the resistive current to the capacitive current within the oil when subjected to an alternating electrical field. It measures the inefficiency or energy loss in the insulation system when subjected to an alternating electric field. A low Tan Delta value indicates good insulation quality with minimal dielectric loss, while a high value suggests aging, moisture contamination, or deterioration of the insulating oil. Tan delta testing is a crucial diagnostic tool for assessing the health of insulating oil. By understanding the relationship between tan delta, dielectric loss, and the condition of the oil, maintenance professionals can take steps to ensure the reliable and safe operation of electrical equipment. KPM offers advanced Tan Delta testing instruments that comply with IEC and ASTM standards. These kits provide accurate, real-time results with user-friendly operation and robust design. KPM also offers expert support, calibration, and on-site testing services to help utilities maintain insulation health effectively. 08 What are the Best Practices in Oil Sampling and Analysis? Accurate oil sampling and analysis are vital for assessing the condition of insulating oils used in transformers and other high-voltage equipment. Key best practices include taking samples from the correct location (ideally turbulent flow areas, upstream of filters, and not from drain plugs), at the right time (when the machine is running and under normal load), and with proper techniques (using clean equipment, avoiding contamination, and labeling samples accurately). Best practices include taking samples from live equipment using clean, dry, and airtight glass or metal containers to avoid contamination. Sampling should be done from designated sampling valves, ideally after allowing sufficient oil flow to flush impurities. Samples must be labeled clearly with details like equipment ID, location, date, and temperature. Proper analysis involves tests for moisture content, dielectric strength, acidity, interfacial tension, Tan Delta, and dissolved gas analysis (DGA), offering insights into oil aging, contamination, and equipment health. KPM provides a full range of oil testing instruments, including BDV testers, moisture analyzers (Karl Fischer), and Tan Delta kits, all adhering to IEC/ASTM standards. KPM also offers oil sampling kits, training, and onsite testing services, ensuring reliable diagnostics and extending asset life. 09 How to Interpret Insulation Resistance Test Results? Insulation resistance (IR) testing assesses the quality of insulation in electrical equipment by measuring its resistance to current flow. IR testing helps detect insulation weaknesses before they lead to equipment failure, short circuits, or electrical shocks. The test measures the resistance between conductors (e.g., wires) or between a conductor and ground, indicating how well the insulation is preventing current leakage. Interpreting these results involves understanding the expected values, identifying trends, and recognizing factors that can affect the readings. A high insulation resistance (in the megaohms or higher) generally indicates good insulation, while low readings suggest potential problems like moisture, contamination, or damage.. It is typically conducted using a megohmmeter at voltages like 500V, 1kV, or 5kV. Higher resistance values (in megaohms or gigaohms) indicate good insulation, while lower values suggest moisture ingress, dirt, or insulation deterioration. Acceptable IR values vary by equipment type, but a general rule is 1 MΩ per kV of operating voltage, with time-based readings (1 min, 10 min) used to calculate the polarization index (PI). A PI > 2 indicates good insulation; < 1.5 may signal problems. KPM offers reliable insulation resistance testers with digital displays, automatic PI/ DAR calculation, and high-voltage test capabilities (up to 20kV). Compliant with IEC and IEEE standards, KPM’s instruments ensure precise diagnosis. KPM also provides training and expert support to help customers accurately interpret IR results for preventive maintenance and asset safety. 10 What is Electrical Oil Testing According to ASTM/IEC Standards? Electrical insulating oils play a critical role in cooling and insulating transformers, circuit breakers, and other high-voltage equipment. Electrical oil testing, particularly for transformer oil, is crucial for assessing its performance and detecting potential issues. Various ASTM and IEC standards govern these tests, ensuring consistent and reliable results. These standards cover a range of properties like dielectric breakdown voltage, acidity, moisture content, and more. Key ASTM and IEC Standards for Electrical Oil Testing: 1. Dielectric Breakdown Voltage: IEC 60156: Specifies the method for determining the dielectric breakdown voltage of insulating liquids at power frequency. This test is vital for assessing the oil's ability to withstand electrical stress. ASTM D877: Another standard for determining dielectric breakdown voltage, using disk electrodes. ASTM D1816: Uses VDE electrodes for the same purpose. 2. Moisture Content: IEC 60814: Specifies the method for determining the water content in insulating liquids. 3. Acidity (Neutralization Value): IEC 62021-1: Provides the standard for determining the acidity of insulating liquids. 4. Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA): While not explicitly mentioned in the provided context, DGA is a crucial test for identifying potential problems like overheating or arcing within a transformer. 5. Other Important Tests: IEC 60422: Covers various aspects of insulating oil, including appearance, color rating, and sludge content. ASTM D1500: Specifies the method for determining the color of petroleum products. Interfacial Tension (ASTM D971): Indicates the presence of soluble contaminants. Resistivity (IEC 60247): Measures the oil's ability to resist electrical current flow. Dissipation Factor (IEC 60247): Indicates the energy loss in the oil due to dielectric losses. Flash Point (ASTM D92, ASTM D93): Determines the temperature at which the oil will ignite. Pour Point (ASTM D97): Indicates the lowest temperature at which the oil will flow. Viscosity (ASTM D445): Measures the oil's resistance to flow. KPM provides a comprehensive range of oil testing instruments aligned with ASTM and IEC standards. These include BDV testers, Tan Delta analyzers, moisture testers. KPM also offers calibration, on-line testing, and training services, ensuring users maintain transformer health and meet regulatory requirements effectively. 11 How to measure oil density and what are its implications? Oil density is the mass per unit volume (typically expressed in kg/m³ or g/cm³) and is a key parameter in evaluating the quality and type of insulating oils used in transformers and electrical equipment. Measuring oil density helps in determining its composition, potential uses, and potential for refining into various products like gasoline, diesel, or asphalt. Changes in oil density can indicate contamination, degradation, or improper formulation, affecting cooling efficiency, dielectric strength, and compatibility with equipment materials. Accurate density measurement is essential during oil processing, quality checks, and routine maintenance. It is often performed at a standard reference temperature (usually 15°C or 20°C) using digital density meters or hydrometers, in line with ASTM D4052 or ISO 12185 standards. KPM offers precise digital density meters and oil analysis kits compliant with international standards. These tools are designed for ease of use, fast operation, and high accuracy. With additional support like calibration services and technical guidance, KPM ensures reliable oil density measurement, aiding customers in maintaining transformer performance and operational safety. 12 What are the Early Warning Signs from Your Oil Particle Counter? An oil particle counter detects and quantifies solid contaminants in insulating oil, providing early warning signs of equipment wear, insulation breakdown, or external contamination. Key indicators include: Rising Particle Counts: A sudden increase in particles, especially >4µm or >6µm, can signal insulation aging, arcing, or mechanical wear. Shift in Particle Size Distribution: A higher concentration of larger particles may indicate internal component failure. Exceeding ISO 4406 Cleanliness Codes: Values outside acceptable limits suggest a decline in oil cleanliness, potentially leading to reduced dielectric strength and accelerated aging. Regular monitoring allows for trend analysis, helping prevent failures before they occur. KPM provides portable and lab-grade oil particle counters aligned with ISO 4406 and NAS 1638 standards. These instruments offer accurate, real-time data for critical decision-making. Combined with expert support and service, KPM enables power utilities and industries to ensure oil cleanliness and extend equipment lifespan. 13 What is the use of online partial discharge (PD) monitoring of panels using TEV and contact ultrasonic methods? Online partial discharge monitoring of medium-voltage and high-voltage panels using TEV (Transient Earth Voltage) and contact ultrasonic methods is used to detect and localize internal insulation defects and surface discharges without shutting down the equipment. Here's how each method contributes: 1. TEV (Transient Earth Voltage) Method Use: Detects internal PD activity, especially within air-insulated switchgear (AIS) and cable terminations inside metal-clad panels. How it works? When PD occurs inside enclosed metal-clad gear, it emits fast-rising electromagnetic pulses that induce transient voltages on the metal surfaces. TEV sensors pick up these signals from outside the panel. Benefit: Non-invasive, detects internal voids, tracking, and corona effects. 2. Contact Ultrasonic Method Use: Detects surface discharges, such as corona or tracking, which emit high-frequency acoustic signals. How it works? A piezoelectric sensor placed on the panel surface detects ultrasonic noise generated by PD activity, even through the enclosure. Benefit: Helps locate poor insulation, loose connections, or contamination issues causing discharge on the surface. Combined Use – Why It Matters? Using both TEV and ultrasonic methods together enhances diagnostic accuracy: TEV gives insight into internal discharge severity and location. Ultrasonic confirms surface or near-surface PD sources and allows cross-verification. This dual-method approach is vital for: Preventive maintenance, Avoiding insulation failures, Improving switchgear reliability, and Extending equipment life without needing shutdowns.

KPM India |We are electrical test equipment manufacturers, We deal in CT PT Analyzer, Relay Test Kit , Tan delta , Transformer Test Kits , LA Testers etc.|Non PD Coupling Capacitor |https://kpmtek.wixsite.com/website/fr/coupling-capacitor Condensateur de couplage non PD

Advanced meter test kits by KPM for precise energy meter testing, calibration, and performance verification. Test de compteur d'énergie Référence de compteur d'énergie triphasé - MT 3000D MT 3000D Le MT 3000D est une référence de compteur d'énergie triphasé portable à la pointe de la technologie pour le test et l'étalonnage des compteurs d'énergie. Le MT3000D est un appareil facile à utiliser et léger. Le MT 3000D est disponible en deux options de précision (0,05 % et 0,1 %) MT3000D est une unité tout-en-un avec les fonctionnalités ci-dessous Test automatique de mauvaise connexion Test de rapport Essai harmonique Test de précision du compteur (classe 0,05/1) Impression du rapport MT 3000B Le calibrateur portable triphasé de compteur kWh sur site est utilisé pour calibrer le compteur d'énergie triphasé, monophasé, actif ou réactif en cours de travail, et il peut également être utilisé comme compteur de tension, de courant et de puissance pour mesurer le paramètre AC de la ligne électrique triphasée , il peut également mesurer le facteur de distorsion des ondes et 2 à 63 temps harmonic wave. Il a les caractéristiques suivantes : • Adoptez un processeur ARM 32 bits, un convertisseur A/N de précision multicanal 16 bits, un écran LCD TFT haute résolution. • Intérieur équipé d'un transformateur de courant à large plage de 0,01 % et pouvant être équipé de différents types de pinces ampèremétriques, d'une large plage de mesure et d'une grande véracité. • Conception de circuit à faible consommation, alimentation en batterie Li à haute énergie, logiciel de gestion de l'alimentation intellectuelle, permettant à l'instrument de fonctionner en continu jusqu'à 10 heures Test de compteur d'énergie monophasé Reference Catalogue EMR 1 est une référence de compteur d'énergie portable monophasé à la pointe de la technologie pour le test et l'étalonnage des compteurs d'énergie . EMR 1 est un appareil facile à utiliser et léger. EMR 1 est livré avec précision de 0,3% Caractéristiques 1. Testez les erreurs du compteur sans débrancher l'alimentation secteur. 2. Boîte de chargement factice en option 3. Certificat : ISO 9001 Caractéristiques Boîtier en plastique spécial, léger et facile à transporter, écran LCD Mesurer la tension, le courant, la puissance. facteur de puissance de phase sans déconnecter le circuit de puissance Tester l'erreur positive/négative du compteur de phase simple sans déconnecter le circuit d'alimentation Large gamme de pinces de courant : 0,5 à 100 A Large plage de tension de fonctionnement : AC180 - 250V Alimentation directement fournie par le fil de test de tension Sortie d'impulsions d'énergie haute et basse fréquence. Facile à envoyer et à tester Échantillonnage par tête de balayage, impulsion d'entrée directe du compteur électronique ou étalonnage manuel du commutateur Peut être connecté au boîtier de charge de courant externe et prendre en charge la charge simulée Test de compteur d'énergie monophasé Reference Catalogue EMR 1 est une référence de compteur d'énergie portable monophasé à la pointe de la technologie pour le test et l'étalonnage des compteurs d'énergie . EMR 1 est un appareil facile à utiliser et léger. EMR 1 est livré avec précision de 0,3% Caractéristiques 1. Testez les erreurs du compteur sans débrancher l'alimentation secteur. 2. Boîte de chargement factice en option 3. Certificat : ISO 9001 Caractéristiques Boîtier en plastique spécial, léger et facile à transporter, écran LCD Mesurer la tension, le courant, la puissance. facteur de puissance de phase sans déconnecter le circuit de puissance Tester l'erreur positive/négative du compteur de phase simple sans déconnecter le circuit d'alimentation Large gamme de pinces de courant : 0,5 à 100 A Large plage de tension de fonctionnement : AC180 - 250V Alimentation directement fournie par le fil de test de tension Sortie d'impulsions d'énergie haute et basse fréquence. Facile à envoyer et à tester Échantillonnage par tête de balayage, impulsion d'entrée directe du compteur électronique ou étalonnage manuel du commutateur Peut être connecté au boîtier de charge de courant externe et prendre en charge la charge simulée Test de compteur d'énergie monophasé Reference Catalogue EMR 1 est une référence de compteur d'énergie portable monophasé à la pointe de la technologie pour le test et l'étalonnage des compteurs d'énergie . EMR 1 est un appareil facile à utiliser et léger. EMR 1 est livré avec précision de 0,3% Caractéristiques 1. Testez les erreurs du compteur sans débrancher l'alimentation secteur. 2. Boîte de chargement factice en option 3. Certificat : ISO 9001 Caractéristiques Boîtier en plastique spécial, léger et facile à transporter, écran LCD Mesurer la tension, le courant, la puissance. facteur de puissance de phase sans déconnecter le circuit de puissance Tester l'erreur positive/négative du compteur de phase simple sans déconnecter le circuit d'alimentation Large gamme de pinces de courant : 0,5 à 100 A Large plage de tension de fonctionnement : AC180 - 250V Alimentation directement fournie par le fil de test de tension Sortie d'impulsions d'énergie haute et basse fréquence. Facile à envoyer et à tester Échantillonnage par tête de balayage, impulsion d'entrée directe du compteur électronique ou étalonnage manuel du commutateur Peut être connecté au boîtier de charge de courant externe et prendre en charge la charge simulée Foire aux questions (FAQ) FAQ about Energy meter testing : 01 What is the purpose of reference testing in energy meter calibration? The purpose of reference testing in energy meter calibration is to verify and ensure the accuracy of the energy meter by comparing its measurements against a highly precise and traceable standard—called the reference meter or standard. This process identifies any measurement errors or deviations in the energy meter under test, allowing for correction or adjustment to meet specified accuracy classes. Reference testing helps maintain measurement reliability, billing fairness, and compliance with industry standards. 02 How is the accuracy class of an energy meter determined during calibration? The accuracy class of an energy meter is determined by evaluating its measurement error under a range of standardized test conditions during calibration. This involves comparing the meter’s energy readings against those of a highly accurate reference standard meter over a set period and at various load levels and power factors. The calibration process typically tests the meter at multiple points such as: Light load (e.g., 10% of rated current) Medium load (e.g., 50% of rated current) Full load (100% of rated current) Additionally, measurements are taken at different power factors, including unity (1.0), lagging (inductive), and leading (capacitive) conditions, to simulate real operating scenarios. At each test point, the percentage error is calculated by comparing the meter’s recorded energy to that of the reference meter. The accuracy class is assigned based on whether these errors stay within the maximum allowable limits defined by standards such as IEC 62053 or ANSI C12.20. For example, a Class 1.0 meter must not exceed ±1% error under these conditions. Consistent performance across all test points confirms the meter’s accuracy class, ensuring it meets the required precision for billing or monitoring applications. 03 Do you know the common standards and regulations followed for energy meter calibration? What are the common standards and regulations followed for energy meter calibration? Energy meter calibration is governed by international and regional standards to ensure accuracy, reliability, and uniformity. The most widely followed standards include: IEC 62053 series: International standards specifying performance and accuracy requirements for different classes of electricity meters (e.g., IEC 62053-21 for static meters, IEC 62053-22 for active energy meters, and IEC 62053-23 for reactive energy meters). IEC 60521 and IEC 60522: Standards covering calibration methods and testing procedures for electric meters. ANSI C12 series: North American standards, such as ANSI C12.20, that define accuracy classes and testing protocols for electric meters. OIML R46: International recommendation by the International Organization of Legal Metrology outlining accuracy requirements and test procedures for electricity meters used in billing. National regulations: Many countries have their own legal metrology regulations and certification requirements to ensure meters used for billing comply with local laws. 04 Do you know which equipment is used as a reference standard during energy meter calibration? The reference standard in energy meter calibration is a highly accurate and traceable device known as a calibration standard meter or reference meter. This equipment has a much higher precision than the meter under test, typically with an accuracy class of 0.02% or better. Common types include: Standard reference meters: Precision static energy meters designed specifically for calibration, with traceability to national or international measurement standards. Calibrated instrument transformers: High-accuracy current and voltage transformers to supply accurate test signals. Precision power sources: Devices that can generate stable and controllable voltage and current at various loads and power factors to simulate real operating conditions. Calibration benches or test rigs: Integrated setups that combine the above equipment to perform automated, controlled calibration tests. Using these reference standards ensures that the energy meter calibration is accurate, repeatable, and compliant with metrology requirements. 05 How do environmental conditions affect energy meter calibration results? Environmental factors like temperature, humidity, and atmospheric pressure can influence the accuracy of energy meter calibration. Temperature: Changes in temperature can affect the electrical characteristics of meter components, causing measurement drift or errors. Most calibration standards specify temperature ranges within which tests should be performed to ensure consistency. Humidity: High humidity can cause condensation or moisture ingress, impacting insulation resistance and electronic circuits, leading to inaccurate readings during calibration. Atmospheric pressure: Variations in pressure can subtly affect electrical properties, especially in sensitive equipment, although its impact is generally less significant than temperature or humidity. To minimize these effects, calibrations are ideally conducted in controlled laboratory environments with stable temperature and humidity, or environmental conditions are recorded and accounted for in the calibration report. 06 What is the difference between static and dynamic energy meter calibration? Static calibration tests the energy meter under steady-state conditions by applying fixed voltage and current values at set loads and power factors. It measures the meter’s accuracy when the electrical parameters remain constant, helping to verify basic performance and error under controlled, stable conditions. Dynamic calibration, on the other hand, evaluates the meter’s performance under varying, real-world operating conditions where voltage, current, and load fluctuate over time. It simulates actual usage patterns to assess how accurately the meter records energy during transient events, load changes, and power quality variations. While static calibration is simpler and faster, dynamic calibration provides a more comprehensive assessment of meter accuracy in practical scenarios, especially important for modern smart meters and complex electrical systems. 07 How often should energy meters be recalibrated to ensure accuracy? Energy meters should typically be recalibrated every 3 to 5 years, depending on regulatory requirements, manufacturer recommendations, and the operating environment. Frequent recalibration helps detect any drift in accuracy caused by aging, environmental factors, or mechanical wear. In critical applications or harsh conditions, more frequent recalibration may be necessary. Utilities often follow national standards or legal metrology guidelines that specify maximum intervals to maintain measurement reliability and billing fairness. 08 What is the process for checking the linearity of an energy meter? Checking the linearity of an energy meter involves verifying that the meter’s measurement error remains consistent across a wide range of loads. The process includes: Apply multiple test currents: The meter is tested at different load levels, typically ranging from low (e.g., 10% of rated current) to full load (100%) and sometimes even above. Maintain constant voltage and power factor: During each test point, voltage and power factor are kept steady to isolate the current’s effect. Record meter readings: The energy measured by the meter under test is compared against a reference standard meter at each load level. Calculate percentage error: For each load, the error percentage is calculated based on the difference between the test meter and reference meter readings. Analyze results: A linear meter will show minimal variation in error across all loads. Significant deviations indicate non-linearity, which can affect billing accuracy. This test ensures the meter accurately measures energy consumption regardless of load size, essential for fair billing and reliable performance. 09 How are errors in energy meters identified and corrected during calibration? During calibration, errors in energy meters are identified by comparing the meter’s recorded energy values to those of a highly accurate reference standard under controlled test conditions. The percentage difference between the meter reading and the reference reading reveals the magnitude and direction of the error. If errors exceed acceptable limits defined by standards, corrective actions may include: Adjustment: For mechanical meters, physical adjustments (like repositioning the dial or adjusting the braking magnet) can reduce errors. Reprogramming or firmware updates: For electronic meters, software recalibration or parameter tuning may correct measurement deviations. Component replacement: Faulty parts, such as sensors or electronic modules, may be replaced to restore accuracy. Rejecting the meter: If the errors cannot be corrected within tolerance, the meter may be deemed unfit for use. After correction, the meter is re-tested to confirm that errors now fall within the required accuracy class, ensuring reliable measurement and billing.

KPM India |We are electrical test equipment manufacturers, We deal in CT PT Analyzer, Relay Test Kit , Tan delta , Transformer Test Kits , LA Testers etc.|Voltage Regulator (Column Type) |https://kpmtek.wixsite.com/website/fr/voltageregulator Régulateur de tension (type colonne)

KPM ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS is electrical test equipment provider with strong support. Our solutions are Relay Test Kit, CT/PT Analyzer, Oil BDV, Tan delta , Circuit Breaker Analyzer, LA Testing,Partial Discharge Test Kit, Thermal Imager Camera, PIK, SIK, AC/DC HIPOT. Visit us @ www.kpmtek.com Politique de confidentialité de KPM Bienvenue au KPM Privacy Center—jetez-y un coup d'œil. Vous apprendrez comment KPM traite vos informations personnelles, ainsi que des moyens de contrôler vos préférences et paramètres. Comme toujours, KPM s'engage à gagner votre confiance. Ce que couvre cette politique de confidentialité KPM prend votre confidentialité au sérieux. Veuillez lire ce qui suit pour en savoir plus sur notre politique de confidentialité. 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Expert high voltage testing and partial discharge (PD) analysis. KPM advanced HV lab provides precise diagnostic services to ensure insulation integrity and equipment reliability. Détecteur de décharge partielle NON PD Capacitive Voltage Divider_edited Non PD Capacitive Voltage Divider KPM Non PD Transformer Non PD Test Transformer Calibrator PD Calibrator Non PD Coupling Capacitor01 Non PD Coupling Capacitor Motor driven contact type voltage regular Motor driven contact Motor driven contact type voltage regula Motor driven contact type voltage regular Measuring Impedance Measuring Impedance Intermediate Transformer Intermediate transformer KPM PDA-01 Digital PD Monitor KPM PDM-01 Analog PD Monitor KPM Current Input unit High Current Input Unit

KPM India |We are electrical test equipment manufacturers, We deal in CT PT Analyzer, Relay Test Kit , Tan delta , Transformer Test Kits , LA Testers etc.|Voltage Regulator (ContactType) |https://kpmtek.wixsite.com/website/fr/voltageregulator-contacttype Régulateur de tension (type de contact)

Advanced circuit breaker test kits by KPM for precise timing analysis, condition monitoring, and electrical system diagnostics. KITS DE TEST DE DISJONCTEURS Vidéo Théorie Analyseur de disjoncteur Voir plus Les fonctions de Circuit Breaker Analyzer couvrent tous les éléments de test des disjoncteurs haute tension. Comparé au testeur de disjoncteur traditionnel KPM Circuit Breaker Analyzer (KPM-CBA) a les avantages uniques suivants : Analyse vibratoire des caractéristiques mécaniques Analyse de distance et de vitesse des contacts mobiles Mesure de résistance de contact statique de 100A Mesure dynamique de la résistance de contact de 100A Test de démarrage basse tension sur bobines de 16V à 300 V Testeur de résistance de contact Voir plus Testeur de résistance de contact (KPM CRT) sorties DC 600A courants pour tester la résistance de contact du disjoncteur ou des contacts de câble à courant élevé. Il est conçu selon per IEC62271. Il mesure principalement la résistance de contact du disjoncteur. Tous les test results du testeur peuvent être imprimés par la micro-imprimante intégrée dans the tester. De plus, tous les résultats de test enregistrés dans le testeur peuvent être téléchargés sur the computer puis enregistrés en tant que document MS WORD. La série KPM-CRT est disponible dans les variantes ci-dessous : 100A 200A 400A 600A KPM ABC-01 Voir plus Analyseur de disjoncteur KPM (KPM-CBA 01) est utilisé pour tester, analyser et évaluer les disjoncteurs du système d'alimentation, les caractéristiques mécaniques des commutateurs de charge et des commutateurs isolés et d'autres commutateurs haute tension CA, Contacts d'arc et caractéristiques de vibration, etc. L'analyseur de disjoncteur couvre tous exigences de test des disjoncteurs haute tension. Comparé au testeur de disjoncteurs traditionnel, l'analyseur de disjoncteurs KPM (KPM - CBA 01) présente les avantages uniques suivants : CARACTÉRISTIQUES L'ensemble de test de disjoncteur KPM CBA-01 est utilisé pour effectuer les caractéristiques électriques et mécaniques des disjoncteurs, interrupteurs et contacteurs haute tension et moyenne tension. Mesure les paramètres de temps du disjoncteur (fermé, ouvert, asynchrone, rebond) de 12 contacts principaux. Ensemble de 12 voyants d'état des contacts sur panneau. Il est facile de juger de l'état fermé et de l'état ouvert. Mesurez la course, la surcourse, le rebond, le dépassement et la vitesse du disjoncteur à l'aide d'un transducteur de résistance ou d'un transducteur numérique. Utilisez un transducteur rotatif numérique pour mesurer l'angle. Actionner les séquences de contrôle Fermer, Ouvrir, OCO, OC, CO. Testez manuellement la caractéristique mécanique actionnée par le disjoncteur. Sortie de contrôle CC intégrée, peut être utilisée pour les tests de tension d'action. Mesurez la courbe de courant du moteur pendant la conduite du moteur, mesure du courant de bobine Vacuum Interruptor Life Analyzer ( VILA )_cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b- 136bad5cf58d_ Voir plus KPM-VILA (analyseur de durée de vie des interrupteurs à vide) , l'ensemble de test de troisième génération utilisant sa technologie avancée pour déterminer l'état des interrupteurs à vide sur le terrain, en atelier ou en laboratoire. Si vous recherchez un test d'interrupteur à vide significatif, jetez un coup d'œil aux capacités exceptionnelles de notre nouveau VILA (analyseur de durée de vie de l'interrupteur à vide) (aka bouteille à vide testeur) qui peut être utilisé sur le terrain, en atelier ou en laboratoire. En utilisant le Penning Discharge Principal, notre VILA (analyseur de durée de vie de l'interrupteur sous vide) peut facilement identifier La pression à l'intérieur d'une ampoule à vide La durée de vie utile des ampoules à vide Jusqu'à présent, ce type de test ne pouvait être effectué qu'à l'usine d'assemblage. KPM CBT-01 (minuterie de disjoncteur) Voir plus Caractéristiques : 1. Testez les caractéristiques électriques de divers disjoncteurs haute tension. 2. Testez les paramètres de fermeture, d'ouverture, différentes périodes et le temps de rebond de 6 contacts. 3. Il y a 6 indicateurs d'état de contact sur le panneau, ce qui est pratique pour juger si l'état de fermeture ou d'ouverture ou le câblage est correct. 4. Effectuer la commande de fermeture, d'ouverture, d'ouverture et de fermeture, de fermeture, d'ouverture et de fermeture. 5. Alimentation CC réglable haute puissance intégrée, avec bouton de réglage manuel de la tension, bouton de fermeture, bouton d'ouverture, qui peut rapidement s'allumer et s'éteindre et activer le test de tension. 6. L'alimentation CC intégrée peut être utilisée pour le stockage de l'énergie du moteur. 7. Le contrôle de sortie utilise des commutateurs électroniques, avec une précision de contrôle élevée et une longue durée de vie. KPM CBT-01 (minuterie de disjoncteur) Voir plus Caractéristiques : 1. Testez les caractéristiques électriques de divers disjoncteurs haute tension. 2. Testez les paramètres de fermeture, d'ouverture, différentes périodes et le temps de rebond de 6 contacts. 3. Il y a 6 indicateurs d'état de contact sur le panneau, ce qui est pratique pour juger si l'état de fermeture ou d'ouverture ou le câblage est correct. 4. Effectuer la commande de fermeture, d'ouverture, d'ouverture et de fermeture, de fermeture, d'ouverture et de fermeture. 5. Alimentation CC réglable haute puissance intégrée, avec bouton de réglage manuel de la tension, bouton de fermeture, bouton d'ouverture, qui peut rapidement s'allumer et s'éteindre et activer le test de tension. 6. L'alimentation CC intégrée peut être utilisée pour le stockage de l'énergie du moteur. 7. Le contrôle de sortie utilise des commutateurs électroniques, avec une précision de contrôle élevée et une longue durée de vie. KPM CBT-01 (minuterie de disjoncteur) Voir plus Caractéristiques : 1. Testez les caractéristiques électriques de divers disjoncteurs haute tension. 2. Testez les paramètres de fermeture, d'ouverture, différentes périodes et le temps de rebond de 6 contacts. 3. Il y a 6 indicateurs d'état de contact sur le panneau, ce qui est pratique pour juger si l'état de fermeture ou d'ouverture ou le câblage est correct. 4. Effectuer la commande de fermeture, d'ouverture, d'ouverture et de fermeture, de fermeture, d'ouverture et de fermeture. 5. Alimentation CC réglable haute puissance intégrée, avec bouton de réglage manuel de la tension, bouton de fermeture, bouton d'ouverture, qui peut rapidement s'allumer et s'éteindre et activer le test de tension. 6. L'alimentation CC intégrée peut être utilisée pour le stockage de l'énergie du moteur. 7. Le contrôle de sortie utilise des commutateurs électroniques, avec une précision de contrôle élevée et une longue durée de vie. Comparaison - Testeurs de disjoncteurs Théorie - Test de disjoncteur Theory CB Testing Un disjoncteur est un interrupteur électrique à commande automatique conçu pour protéger un circuit électrique contre les dommages causés par une surcharge ou un court-circuit. Sa fonction de base est de détecter une condition de défaut et d'interrompre le flux de courant. Le disjoncteur reçoit la commande « Déclenchement » des relais respectifs pendant les conditions de défaut. Les paramètres suivants sont souvent testés sur un disjoncteur. Tests communs sur les disjoncteurs Heure de fermeture et heure d'ouverture Tests de mouvement (comme recommandé dans la CEI 1208) Amortissement Courants de bobine Tension de déclenchement Résistance de contact statique des contacts principaux Nouvelles méthodes de diagnostic des disjoncteurs Résistance de contact dynamique Essais de vibrations. Forme de la courbe de courant de la bobine Intégrité de la bouteille sous vide Capacité et Tan Delta du condensateur de classement Mesure du point de rosée du gaz/air SF6 Les valeurs mesurées sont comparées aux valeurs limites spécifiées par le fabricant ou aux valeurs auxquelles l'organisme de maintenance est parvenu par expérience. Dans de nombreux cas, une « empreinte digitale », consistant en différentes mesures prises lorsqu'un disjoncteur est neuf, est compilée. Cette empreinte peut ensuite être utilisée comme référence pour les mesures ultérieures. Tout changement trouvé indique clairement un changement dans l'état du disjoncteur. Théorie - Test de disjoncteur Circuit Breaker Test Kits : 01 Why Timing Tests on Circuit Breakers Matters ? During a circuit breaker timing test, the opening and closing times of main and auxiliary contacts are measured to assess the breaker's mechanical and electrical performance. The test simulates real fault or operation conditions, records response times (e.g., O, C, O-C-O), and analyzes contact synchronization, bounce, and trip coil current. These measurements reveal issues like slow operation, wear, or misalignment. Advantages include early fault detection, improved safety, reduced downtime, and compliance with IEC/ANSI standards. KPM offers precise timing test equipment with advanced diagnostics, helping utilities and industries maintain system reliability and extend breaker life through data-driven maintenance planning. 02 What means measuring contact resistance in Circuit Breakers ? A contact resistance test measures the electrical resistance across closed contacts of a circuit breaker. Low resistance ensures efficient current flow with minimal losses or overheating. High resistance can indicate pitting, corrosion, or poor contact pressure. This test helps detect internal issues not visible externally. It’s essential for preventing energy losses, overheating, and eventual failure during load or fault conditions. Regular testing ensures optimal breaker performance, safety, and longevity. KPM offers contact resistance test equipment with high accuracy and data logging, enabling predictive maintenance, faster troubleshooting, and compliance with IEC/IEEE standards across substations and industrial power systems. 03 What is the use of both side ground feature in contact resistance meter ? The both-side ground feature in a contact resistance meter allows the tester to connect the instrument’s ground reference on both ends of the circuit breaker contacts simultaneously. For Example:- - Eliminate interference and noise caused by stray currents or electromagnetic fields. - Improve measurement accuracy by ensuring a stable, low-resistance ground path. - Prevent false readings that may occur if only one side is grounded. - It increases the safety of the operation. - KPM’s contact resistance meter CRT 200 G use this feature to deliver precise, repeatable readings critical for assessing contact health and ensuring reliable breaker operation. 04 Why is understanding Coil Current Analysis in Breaker Testing important ? Coil current analysis involves measuring the current drawn by the trip and close coils during circuit breaker operation. This current signature helps diagnose the breaker’s mechanical and electrical health. Changes in current shape, peak value, or duration can reveal issues like sluggish movement, coil burnout, weak springs, or mechanical obstructions. Analyzing the coil current curve provides early warnings of potential failure before timing or contact issues become visible. It enhances predictive maintenance and helps avoid costly downtime. KPM’s test systems capture detailed coil current waveforms, enabling precise diagnostics, improved reliability, and safe operation of critical power systems. 05 How to do Dynamic Contact Travel Analysis ? Dynamic contact travel analysis measures the real-time movement of a circuit breaker’s main contacts during operation using motion sensors or transducers. It captures parameters like stroke, velocity, overtravel, rebound, and contact wipe. This test reveals mechanical wear, misalignment, or sluggish movement that timing tests alone can miss. It ensures the breaker’s mechanical integrity, proper contact engagement, and smooth operation under stress. KPM’s breaker analyzers support dynamic travel analysis with high-resolution sensors and software that visualizes motion curves. This allows for accurate diagnostics, preventive maintenance, and verification that breakers meet design and safety standards. 06 What is Vacuum Interrupter Testing ?What is its Life Cycle and Failure Modes? Vacuum interrupters (VIs) are critical components in medium-voltage circuit breakers, responsible for arc extinction. Though sealed for life, their performance can degrade over time. Life Cycle: VIs have a defined mechanical and electrical life—typically 10,000+ operations or a set number of fault interruptions. Factors like switching frequency, fault levels, and contact wear influence lifespan. Failure Modes: Loss of vacuum (leakage) Contact erosion or misalignment Internal flashover or dielectric breakdown Testing: KPM offers vacuum interrupter testers to check vacuum integrity using high-voltage AC/DC or magnetron-based methods, ensuring reliability, safety, and timely replacement decisions. 07 Why you Shouldn’t Ignore Pre-Insertion Resistor Testing ? Pre-insertion resistors (PIRs) reduce inrush currents during circuit breaker closing, protecting equipment from voltage transients and mechanical stress. Ignoring PIR testing can lead to undetected resistor failure, delayed insertion, or complete bypass—compromising system stability. Regular PIR testing verifies correct resistor engagement, timing, and resistance values. It ensures effective damping of switching surges, especially in capacitor bank or transformer applications. KPM’s breaker analyzers can assess PIR timing and resistance performance with precision, helping prevent equipment damage, extend asset life, and maintain reliable power system operation. Skipping this test risks hidden failures and costly breakdowns. 08 Differences Between Testing SF6, Vacuum, and Oil CBs ? Here’s a concise comparison of testing SF6, Vacuum, and Oil Circuit Breakers (CBs): SF6 CBs: Tests focus on gas pressure, density, and leakage, plus timing, contact resistance, and gas quality analysis. SF6 ensures excellent arc quenching. Vacuum CBs: Emphasis on vacuum integrity testing, contact resistance, timing, and coil current analysis. Vacuum interrupters have a sealed, long-life design. Oil CBs: Requires insulation and oil quality tests, contact resistance, timing, and sometimes oil dielectric strength checks. Oil acts as arc quenching and insulation medium. KPM offers specialized test equipment tailored for each CB type, ensuring accurate diagnostics, maintenance, and safety compliance. 09 Difference between Circuit Breaker Analyzer and Manual Timer – Pros & Cons? Circuit Breaker Analyzer Pros: High accuracy and repeatability Measures multiple parameters (timing, coil current, contact resistance) Data logging and analysis software Detects subtle faults and trends Faster and safer testing Cons: Higher initial cost Requires some training to operate Manual Timer Pros: Low cost and simple to use Portable and no power needed Cons: Limited accuracy and precision Measures only basic open/close timing No data recording or advanced diagnostics Prone to human error KPM provides advanced analyzers that save time, improve safety, and offer detailed diagnostics for better maintenance decisions. 10 How Temperature and Environment Affect CB Test Results ? Temperature Effects: Cold temperatures can stiffen mechanical parts, causing slower operations and longer timing. High temperatures may reduce coil resistance, affecting current measurements. Extreme temps can alter contact resistance readings due to material expansion or contraction. Environmental Factors: Humidity can cause corrosion or moisture ingress, affecting insulation and contacts. Dust and contaminants can interfere with mechanical movement or electrical contacts. Vibrations or electromagnetic interference may distort sensitive measurements.

KPM transformer test equipment ensures accurate, reliable, and efficient testing for power and distribution transformers in industrial applications. KIT DE TEST DE TRANSFORMATEUR FAQ Vidéo Théorie Tan Delta Testeur Voir plus KPM TD-12 est un équipement simple et robuste pour PF/DF mesures de -: Transformateurs de puissance Machines tournantes Transformateurs de courant Transformateurs de tension Câbles haute tension (HT) Systèmes d'appareillage de commutation à isolation gazeuse (GIS) KPM TD-12 avec l'aide de sa conception spéciale est capable d'effectuer des tests Tan Delta dans un environnement de sous-station hautement chargé jusqu'à 765KV. Quelques points clés Test à 10 KV/12 KV avec incrément de 0,1 KV Freq @45HZ/55HZ , 47.5HZ/52.5HZ, 55HZ/65HZ, 57.5HZ/62.5HZ, Automatic double fréquence Unité puissante de 2000VA L'instrument dispose de nombreuses mesures de protection, telles que les fluctuations de tension d'entrée, les courts-circuits de sortie, les surtensions, les surintensités et les surchauffes. KPM TD 12 avec l'aide d'accessoires optionnels est capable de tester Tan delta de -: Huile de transformateur à l'aide de Oil Test Cell Générateurs à haute capacité . N'hésitez pas à contacter pour plus de détails. Testeur IR Voir plus KPM-5KP is an easy to use 5KV IR Tester with user selectable voltage ranges 500V,1000V,2500V,5000V._cc781905-5cde- 3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ Il est adapté pour mesurer l'isolation de interrupteurs, panneaux,_cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58ct générateurs électriques, haute tension/moteurs pt, haute tension condensateurs, câbles d'alimentation, parafoudres et autres équipements de test de résistance d'isolement idéaux. Principales caractéristiques-: Installation PI/DAR Courant court <1ma Fonction de décharge automatique pour rendre l'opération sûre. Fonction « Guard » avancée pour des mesures précises Symboles d'avertissement de circuit en direct avec sons audio. Convient pour un adaptateur 12V DC (12V/1A) ou une batterie interne Testeur de rapport de tours Voir plus KPM-TTR3 est un testeur de rapport de transformateur triphasé utilisé pour mesurer le rapport de tension de 3 ou 1 transformateur de phase. Toutes les données et les résultats des tests sont affichés sur un écran LCD 320*240. Tous les résultats des tests peuvent être imprimés sur site par la micro-imprimante. KPM-TTR3 dispose d'une mémoire intégrée pour enregistrer les résultats des tests. Le circuit de réduction avancée du bruit fait du KPM-TTR3 un équipement idéal pour les conditions de terrain. Testeur de résistance d'enroulement de transformateur (1 phase) Voir plus KPM propose une gamme complète d'équipements de test de transformateur TWRT-2A (2A, test 1 phase) TWRT-10A (10A, test 1 phase) TWRT-20A (20A, test 1 phase) TWRT-40A (40A, test 1 phase) TWRT-20 ( 40A , 1 Phase Testing & 20A, 3Phase Testing ) . SFRA & Sht. CKt. Impédance Voir plus Le transformateur de puissance est un équipement électrique important, son fonctionnement sûr et fiable est extrêmement important pour les systèmes électriques. KPM SFRA+ est développé pour tester l'intégrité mécanique et électrique des transformateurs de puissance après transport ou exposition à des courants de défaut élevés. Il utilise le Principe SFRA (Sweep Frequency Response Analysis) Merde. Ckt. Méthode d'impédance & mesure la fonction de transfert électrique sur une large gamme de fréquences. Tan Delta Testeur Voir plus KPM TD-12 est un équipement simple et robuste pour PF/DF mesures de -: Transformateurs de puissance Machines tournantes Transformateurs de courant Transformateurs de tension Câbles haute tension (HT) Systèmes d'appareillage de commutation à isolation gazeuse (GIS) KPM TD-12 avec l'aide de sa conception spéciale est capable d'effectuer des tests Tan Delta dans un environnement de sous-station hautement chargé jusqu'à 765KV. Quelques points clés Test à 10 KV/12 KV avec incrément de 0,1 KV Freq @45HZ/55HZ , 47.5HZ/52.5HZ, 55HZ/65HZ, 57.5HZ/62.5HZ, Automatic double fréquence Unité puissante de 2000VA L'instrument dispose de nombreuses mesures de protection, telles que les fluctuations de tension d'entrée, les courts-circuits de sortie, les surtensions, les surintensités et les surchauffes. KPM TD 12 avec l'aide d'accessoires optionnels est capable de tester Tan delta de -: Huile de transformateur à l'aide de Oil Test Cell Générateurs à haute capacité . N'hésitez pas à contacter pour plus de détails. Testeur IR Voir plus KPM-5KP is an easy to use 5KV IR Tester with user selectable voltage ranges 500V,1000V,2500V,5000V._cc781905-5cde- 3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ Il est adapté pour mesurer l'isolation de interrupteurs, panneaux,_cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58ct générateurs électriques, haute tension/moteurs pt, haute tension condensateurs, câbles d'alimentation, parafoudres et autres équipements de test de résistance d'isolement idéaux. Principales caractéristiques-: Installation PI/DAR Courant court <1ma Fonction de décharge automatique pour rendre l'opération sûre. Fonction « Guard » avancée pour des mesures précises Symboles d'avertissement de circuit en direct avec sons audio. Convient pour un adaptateur 12V DC (12V/1A) ou une batterie interne Kit de test HUILE BDV Voir plus Comme son nom l'indique, le kit de test Oil BDV (KPM-OBD80/100+) est utilisé pour mesurer la résistance à la rupture de l'huile isolante. Capable de générer 80/100KV avec une imprimante embarquée. Agitateur motorisé et programmé Poids léger Augmentation de tension de 5 KV/sec avec plans de test automatiques selon CEI et IS 0.5KV/sec to 5KV/sec variable voltage rise as per ASTM Standards 136bad5cf58d_ modèles) SFRA & Sht. CKt. Impédance Voir plus Le transformateur de puissance est un équipement électrique important, son fonctionnement sûr et fiable est extrêmement important pour les systèmes électriques. KPM SFRA+ est développé pour tester l'intégrité mécanique et électrique des transformateurs de puissance après transport ou exposition à des courants de défaut élevés. Il utilise le Principe SFRA (Sweep Frequency Response Analysis) Merde. Ckt. Méthode d'impédance & mesure la fonction de transfert électrique sur une large gamme de fréquences. SFRA & Sht. CKt. Impédance Voir plus Le transformateur de puissance est un équipement électrique important, son fonctionnement sûr et fiable est extrêmement important pour les systèmes électriques. KPM SFRA+ est développé pour tester l'intégrité mécanique et électrique des transformateurs de puissance après transport ou exposition à des courants de défaut élevés. Il utilise le Principe SFRA (Sweep Frequency Response Analysis) Merde. Ckt. Méthode d'impédance & mesure la fonction de transfert électrique sur une large gamme de fréquences. Vidéo - Test de transformateur de puissance Video - Power Transformer Testing 765KV live switchyard ,Tan Delta Testing of Grading Capacitors Lire la vidéo CT PT Analyzer Lire la vidéo Power of 90' Rotational view , thermal imager camera Lire la vidéo 765KV live switchyard ,Tan Delta Testing of Grading Capacitors Lire la vidéo CT PT Analyzer Lire la vidéo Facebook Twitter Pinterest Tumblr Copiez le lien Lien copié Fermer Theory Power Transformer Testing Théorie - Test de transformateur de puissance Les transformateurs haute tension font partie des équipements les plus importants (et les plus coûteux) nécessaires au fonctionnement d'un système électrique. Une multitude de vérifications et de tests sont effectués au fur et à mesure que le transformateur est assemblé à la sous-station. L'ingénieur d'essai ne peut pas effectuer directement tous les tests et inspections suivants, mais doit s'assurer qu'ils sont terminés de manière satisfaisante. préparation de la banque à être dynamisée. Test IR Capacité et Tan Delta Testeur de résistance d'enroulement de transformateur Rapport de tours du transformateur Test d'équilibre magnétique du transformateur Test de courant magnétisant du transformateur Test de groupe vectoriel du transformateur Élévation de température du transformateur Test du changeur de prises SFRA - Analyseur de réponse en fréquence de balayage Test CT de douille de transformateur . Foire aux questions (FAQ) FAQ - TDK Tan delta fundamentals 01 What is tan delta testing? Insulation is never a perfect capacitor. Electrically it behaves as a capacitance with a resistance in parallel across it, and tan delta measures the ratio between the currents those two elements draw. Apply AC voltage to ideal insulation and it draws only capacitive current, leading the voltage by exactly 90°. Real insulation has a finite parallel resistance as well, so it also draws a small resistive current in phase with the voltage. The total current therefore falls short of 90° by an angle δ — the loss angle — and tan delta is simply the ratio of those two components: tanδ = IR / IC.A reading of 0.3% means the resistive current is three parts in a thousand of the capacitive current. What makes this the right quantity to measure is that it describes the material rather than the specimen: tanδ = 1/(ωRC), and for a given dielectric the product RC depends only on resistivity and permittivity, so the specimen's size and shape cancel out. As insulation absorbs moisture, becomes contaminated or ages, its parallel resistance falls while its capacitance changes very little — so the ratio rises. 02 What is the difference between tan delta, dissipation factor and power factor? They are closely related but not identical. tanδ is the tangent of the dielectric loss angle δ. Power factor is cos θ, where θ is the phase angle between voltage and current, and δ + θ = 90°. Dissipation factor is simply another name for tan delta. At the low loss values typical of healthy high-voltage insulation the two are numerically almost identical, which is why the terms get used interchangeably in the field and why most instruments display both rather than arguing the point. 03 Why measure tan delta if insulation resistance has already been tested? They answer different questions. An insulation resistance test applies DC and reports surface leakage and gross contamination, and its value depends on the size and shape of the specimen, which makes readings awkward to compare between different assets — where tan delta, being a ratio, does not. A tan delta test applies AC at or near service stress and reports on the bulk condition of the dielectric — moisture ingress, ageing of the oil-paper system, voids. A bushing or current transformer can pass an IR test comfortably and still show a tan delta trend that says it is deteriorating. In practice the two are sequential rather than alternative: an insulation test is normally carried out first, both as a condition check and as a precaution before AC test voltage is applied. 04 What does a rising tan delta value indicate? A rising value means the insulation is dissipating more energy due to resistive path than it previously did — typically from moisture ingress, contamination, ageing, or voids developing within the dielectric. Because the absolute figure depends on equipment type, design, insulation system and temperature, the useful signal is normally the trend against that asset's own history and the comparison between the three phases of the same unit, rather than the reading in isolation. A step change in capacitance measured at the same time is a stronger indicator still. 05 What does the capacitance reading tell me alongside tan delta? Capacitance is measured at the same time and reflects the geometry of the insulation rather than its quality. In a condenser-graded bushing, a step increase in capacitance indicates that one or more capacitive layers have punctured and shorted out — a failure mode tan delta alone may not flag dramatically. Catching it depends on capacitance accuracy rather than on tan delta accuracy, which is why a kit intended for bushing work needs a credible figure for both. 06 Which equipment is routinely tan delta tested? Power transformers (winding-to-winding and winding-to-earth), condenser-graded bushings, current transformers, potential transformers, capacitor voltage transformers, surge arresters, capacitors and rotating machine insulation. In a typical substation maintenance schedule, transformer bushings and instrument transformers account for most of the work, because they are the assets where a developing dielectric fault gives little other warning before it fails. 07 Is tan delta testing destructive? No. It is a diagnostic test performed at or below the equipment's normal operating stress, not a withstand test, so it does not deliberately stress insulation towards failure the way a hipot or applied-voltage test does. That is precisely what makes it suitable for routine condition monitoring — the test can be repeated on the same asset year after year to build a trend without consuming insulation life each time. 08 How does tan delta testing compare with partial discharge testing? They find different things. Tan delta reports a bulk, averaged property of the whole dielectric, so it is good at diffuse deterioration — moisture, ageing, general contamination — and poor at pinpointing a single localised defect. Partial discharge testing detects discrete discharge activity and is far better at finding a specific void or defect, but says little about overall condition. Most maintenance programmes use tan delta as the routine screening test because it is quick and repeatable, and reach for PD when a result needs investigating. 09 What test voltage does a tan delta kit need to produce? Routine testing on instrument transformers, bushings and transformer windings is commonly performed at 10 kV, with equipment rated below that tested at its own rated line-to-earth voltage. That sets the practical requirement: at least 10 kV with some headroom above it, and genuinely fine adjustment (500V min ) at the low end for lower-rated apparatus — a kit that steps in coarse increments cannot sit neatly on the rated voltage of a small CT. 10 Why does the maximum testable capacitance fall as test voltage rises in a tan delta kit? Because the current the kit must supply rises with both capacitance and voltage. The charging current of a capacitive specimen is I = 2πfCV, so doubling the test voltage doubles the current demand for the same specimen, and a portable source has a finite output. This is a power limit, not a measurement limit. It has a practical consequence when reading datasheets: a capacitance range quoted as a single headline figure tells you almost nothing, because that figure is only achievable at the lowest test voltage. The useful form is a ceiling stated at each voltage — and a large specimen is then tested at a lower voltage rather than refused. 11 What accuracy should I expect from a tan delta kit? Accuracy is normally quoted in two terms — a percentage of reading plus a fixed floor, written as ±(reading × a% + b) — and which term dominates depends entirely on what you are measuring. On healthy insulation reading a few tenths of a percent, the percentage term is tiny and the fixed floor is essentially the whole error. That makes the fixed term the number to compare between kits, and it is the one most often buried. Resolution is a separate thing and frequently confused with it: resolution is how many digits the display shows, which can easily be more digits than the instrument can justify. 12 Should the standard capacitor be built in or external of a tan delta kit? A built-in high-stability standard capacitor means routine testing needs no external reference — one less precision item to transport, calibrate and damage on site, which matters on a testing round that moves between substations. An external standard capacitor input is still worth having, because it is what allows a field accuracy check against a traceable reference and supports high-voltage measurement against an external standard. The practical answer for most field kits is built in, with the external input available when required. 13 What is a variable-frequency of a tan delta kit, and does it matter in a live substation? It is the most consequential difference between kits used in energised switchyards. Electric field from adjacent live bays couples into the test leads at power frequency and corrupts the measurement, and the higher the surrounding voltage class the worse it gets. A variable-frequency instrument measures at frequencies deliberately offset either side of mains and filters out the power-frequency component, typically measuring at both offsets and combining the results. Because the interference sits at 50 Hz and the measurement does not, the two are separable. A fixed 50 Hz kit has no mechanism to tell them apart — the interference simply becomes part of the reading, which is worse than a noisy result because it looks plausible. 14 Can one tan delta kit test transformers, bushings, CTs, PTs and CVTs? Yes. A kit with GST, UST and GSTg modes and both polarity options covers power and instrument transformers, condenser bushings, CTs, PTs and CVTs, and with an oil test cell it extends to the dielectric loss of insulating oil. The usual exception is power cable: a cable run of any length presents capacitance far beyond what a power-frequency kit can drive at test voltage, and cable dielectric loss testing is normally done with a dedicated very-low-frequency set at 0.1 Hz instead. 15 What supply does a tan delta kit need on site, and can it run from a generator? Single-phase mains, and most field instruments tolerate a stated window either side of nominal because site supply is rarely clean. Two things are worth checking before plugging in on an unfamiliar site. First, the absolute maximum input — exceeding it typically causes damage that no warranty covers, so an unstable or unregulated supply should be measured rather than assumed. Second, if the site is running on a generator, the generator's output neutral normally has to be earthed; an unearthed neutral is a common cause of an instrument refusing to start and reporting an earthing fault. 16 How portable is a tan delta kit? It depends mostly on one design decision: whether the dielectric loss bridge, the test source, the step-up transformer and the standard capacitor are integrated into a single case, or split across two or more units. An integrated kit is heavier as one item but is a single lift and a single set-up; a split design has lighter components but means a second case to carry up a gantry and additional connections to make at every test point. Ask for mass and dimensions of every item that has to reach the test position, not just the main unit. The KPM TD12 has a compact design, with an overall size comparable to a 13-inch MacBook, while weighing only approximately 24 kg.The KPM TD12 Pro is larger in size and offers a higher current capacity. It also comes with a built-in 10 kV insulation resistance (IR) tester, providing additional testing functionality in a single unit. 17 What should be supplied with a tan delta kit? As a minimum: the instrument, the matched high-voltage and low-voltage test leads, an earthing lead, a mains lead, operating instructions and a certificate of conformity, with a carrying case for the accessories. The test leads deserve more attention than they usually get — an instrument of this class is calibrated together with its supplied leads, and substituting a general-purpose cable can shift the measured result, because the cable's own characteristics become part of the measurement. Replacements should be ordered from the supplier rather than made up locally. 18 What should I ask a supplier before buying a tan delta kit? Eight questions that separate datasheets quickly.What is the capacitance ceiling at each test voltage, not just the headline range?What is the fixed term in the accuracy expression, as distinct from the resolution?Is interference rejection by variable frequency or is the kit fixed at power frequency?Are all three of GST, UST and GSTg available, and can both polarities be used?Can a CVT be tested without breaking its high-voltage connection?Is the standard capacitor internal, and can an external one be used for verification?What does the instrument refuse to do when earthing is missing or a specimen is faulty?And who answers the phone when a reading looks wrong at seven in the evening during a shutdown? 19 What is the difference between UST, GST and GSTg test modes in a tan delta kit? They differ in what the measurement includes. UST — ungrounded specimen test — measures only the insulation between two ungrounded terminals and ignores everything connected to earth. 1. Internal voltage - internal standard (CX) - straight polarity method2. Internal voltage - external standard ( CN ) - straight polarity method (must firstly set up the capacity of external standard)3. External voltage - internal standard (CX) - straight polarity method4. External voltage - external standard - straight polarity method (must firstly set up thecapacity of external standard CN ) GST — grounded specimen test — measures everything from the energised terminal to earth. Internal voltage - internal standard - reverse polarity methodInternal voltage - external standard - reverse polarity method (must firstly set up the capacity of external standard)External voltage - internal standard - reverse polarity methodGSTg — grounded specimen test with guard — measures to earth but diverts one current path into a guard circuit so it is excluded from the result. Running them in combination is what lets you resolve individual capacitances rather than only their sums, which is the whole reason a diagnostic set offers more than one mode.GSTg 20 What is the difference between straight and reverse polarity connection in a tan delta kit? Straight polarity — also called normal or positive — is used when the specimen’s low-voltage end is free and can be lifted from earth. Test voltage is applied at the high end, and the current is collected from the isolated low end and returned to the instrument’s measuring input. The measuring circuit therefore sits at earth potential, which is both safer and more accurate, and it is the arrangement to use wherever the specimen allows it.Internal voltage - internal standard - straight polarity methodReverse polarity is used when the low end is permanently bonded to earth and cannot be lifted — a great deal of installed apparatus is built that way. The return path then runs through earth, and the measurement has to be taken at the high-voltage end instead. Two consequences follow. The measuring connection sits at test potential, so the work demands more care. And the measurement now sees stray capacitance from the high-voltage lead to earth, which adds into the result — which is why a reverse-polarity test wants the HV lead suspended and clear of ground, and why reverse-polarity readings are generally held to be the less accurate of the two.Internal voltage - internal standard - reverse polarity methodBoth arrangements then divide again, according to where the test voltage comes from and where the reference comes from.A tan delta bridge does not measure the specimen on its own. It compares the current through the specimen against the current through a standard capacitor at the same voltage, and the result is the difference between them. With the instrument’s own source and its own built-in standard that equality is automatic, and it covers the great majority of field work. An external standard is needed in three situations:when an external high-voltage source is being used,when a traceable reference is wanted for an accuracy checkwhen the test voltage is above what the built-in standard is rated for.wo conditions attach to it. Its capacitance value must be entered into the instrument before the test, or every reading is wrong in proportion to the difference. And it must be a genuinely low-loss reference, because the standard’s own dielectric loss enters the result as an error..An external high-voltage source is needed when the test calls for more voltage than the internal source produces, or more current than it can drive into a large capacitive specimen. In that arrangement the instrument stops being the source and works purely as a bridge, and one rule governs the wiring: the external source must energise the specimen and the standard capacitor from the same point. If the two branches see different voltages the comparison is meaningless — and the reading will still look entirely plausible (Straight Polarity Method — internal or external source, against internal or external standard)(Reverse Polarity Method- internal or external source, against internal or external standard) 21 Why is the standard capacitor in tan delta kit gas-filled? Because the reference’s own loss lands directly in your answer. A tan delta bridge compares the current through the specimen against the current through a standard capacitor, and reports the difference between them. Whatever dielectric loss the standard has therefore appears in the result as an offset on every reading it is ever used for. That sets a hard requirement. Healthy insulation is being measured at a few tenths of one per cent, so the reference has to sit two or three orders of magnitude below that — loss low enough to be treated as zero. No solid dielectric can do this. Every solid insulating material has measurable loss of its own, and that loss shifts with temperature and humidity and creeps upward as the material ages — the very behaviour the instrument exists to detect. A reference built from solid dielectric would be a specimen pretending to be a standard.A gas dielectric has effectively none of it. Compressed nitrogen or SF6 has no polar structure to dissipate energy, so the loss is set by the electrode geometry rather than by a material property. Two further benefits come with it. The capacitance is fixed by the mechanical spacing of rigid electrodes rather than by a material constant, so it is stable over years rather than drifting. And compressing the gas raises its breakdown strength, which lets the electrodes be spaced for high voltage without the capacitor becoming unmanageably large.The practical consequence matters more than the physics. If you ever connect an external reference, it must be a purpose-built gas-filled standard. A power-factor-correction capacitor, a film capacitor or whatever high-voltage unit happens to be on the shelf has loss comparable to or greater than the value you are trying to measure. It will give you readings — plausible ones — that are mostly a measurement of the capacitor you substituted. KPM’s Tan Delta Kits have high quality gas filled capacitors. 22 When is an external high-voltage source or external standard capacitor needed ? An external high-voltage source is used when the test calls for a voltage above what the instrument's internal source produces. An external standard capacitor is used when measuring against a traceable external reference — for an accuracy verification, or for high-voltage measurement against an external standard. One prerequisite applies whenever an external standard is used and is a common source of wrong results: its capacitance value has to be entered into the instrument before the test is run, or every reading is out by whatever the difference happens to be. 23 How is a two-winding transformer tested by tan delta kit? With two guarded measurements that between them separate the insulation paths.GSTg ( Chg+Chl)GSTg ( Clg+Clh) For CHG + CHL, the guard is applied to the LV winding and the measurement is taken from the HV winding. For CLG + CLH, the guard is applied to the HV winding and the measurement taken from the LV winding. Adding an ungrounded measurement of the winding-to-winding capacitance lets the individual values be resolved rather than left as sums. The principle to hold on to is simple: whichever winding the guard is applied to is the winding excluded from that measurement. 24 How is a three-winding transformer tested by tan delta kit? Three-winding transformer CHG+CHL(shield of high voltage line connected to T winding)Three-winding transformer CTG+CHTLV (shield of high voltage line connected to winding)Three guarded measurements, each excluding a different winding — CHG + CHL guarding the tertiary, CLG + CLT guarding the HV winding, and CTG + CHT guarding the LV winding. The pattern is the same one as for a two-winding unit, applied three times: the guarded winding is the one taken out of the measurement. Getting the guard onto the wrong winding is the most common error in this test and produces a result that looks entirely reasonable, which is what makes it dangerous. 25 Can CVT ratio & phase be measured using the Tan delta kit instrument? On instruments that include the function, yes — dielectric loss, capacitance, ratio and phase angle can be measured in one visit with one set of connections. For CVT work this is worth more than it first appears, because it removes a separate ratio set from the kit and, more to the point, removes a second round of connecting and disconnecting at height on an asset that is awkward to reach. 26 Can the dielectric loss of insulating oil be measured with the same instrument? With an oil test cell accessory, yes. The cell holds a sample of known geometry and the instrument measures its dielectric loss directly, so oil condition and apparatus condition can be assessed with the same instrument on the same visit rather than sending samples away and waiting. 27 What record keeping does tan delta testing require? More than the test itself, because the technique is only as good as the baseline it is compared against. Each result needs the test voltage, the frequency, the mode and connection used, the specimen temperature, and the date — a reading recorded without its temperature cannot be meaningfully compared with anything measured later. On-board storage and an export route both matter for this reason: storage keeps the record at the point of test where it cannot be mislaid, and export is what gets it into a trend that survives a change of personnel. 28 Why are my tan delta readings fluctuating? Start with the connections, because that is where most cases end. The measuring lead has to land on a genuinely zero-resistance point on the specimen at both ends — a painted terminal, a loose clamp or a corroded stud is enough to make a reading wander, and the fault is invisible at a glance. Next, check that the supplied test leads are being used: an instrument of this class is calibrated with its own leads, and a substituted cable brings its own characteristics into the measurement. After that, look at shielding and earthing, then at whether interference from nearby energised equipment is reaching the test loop. 29 The Tan Delta instrument will not raise voltage and reports an earthing fault. What should be checked? Treat it as a protection working rather than a fault. Instruments of this class detect the earth connection and deliberately refuse to raise voltage without a reliable one, which is the behaviour you want. Check the earthing lead back to station earth first, and check it at both ends rather than at the instrument only. If the site is running on a generator, check the generator: an unearthed output neutral is a frequent cause of an earthing prompt and is the one operators rarely think of, because the instrument was working perfectly on mains an hour earlier. 30 Does nearby energised equipment affect the reading of Tan Delta kit? Yes, and in a working substation it is usually the dominant error source. Electric field from adjacent live bays couples into the test loop at power frequency. A variable-frequency instrument handles this by measuring away from power frequency and filtering out the coupled component, which is what makes testing practical with the rest of the yard energised. Good practice helps regardless of instrument: keep test leads off the ground and clear of live conductors, keep the high-voltage lead suspended, terminate shields properly, and keep the loop area as small as the job allows. 31 Why does the reading differ between test frequencies in a Tan delta kit? A small difference is not unusual, because dielectric loss in some insulation systems is genuinely frequency-dependent. A large divergence is a different signal: it usually means interference rejection is incomplete, and it is a prompt to check connections, shielding and earthing before the result is trusted at all. Treat a wide spread between frequencies as information about the test set-up rather than about the insulation. 32 Does tan delta need temperature correction? Tan delta is strongly temperature-dependent, so results are normally corrected to a common reference temperature before being compared against history or against an acceptance limit. Correction factors are specific to the insulation system and come from the governing standard or the equipment manufacturer — there is no single universal table, and applying the wrong one is worse than applying none. The discipline that matters is recording winding or oil temperature with every result, because an uncorrected reading with no temperature against it cannot be compared with anything measured later. 33 What tan delta value is acceptable? There is no single universal figure, and any source offering one without qualification is worth distrusting. Acceptance depends on equipment type, insulation system, voltage class, temperature, and the standard or manufacturer's test certificate governing the asset. What engineers use in practice is comparison rather than absolutes: the reading against that unit's own commissioning value, against its own trend across successive tests, and against the other two phases of the same unit. A value that has doubled from its baseline is significant even while it remains numerically small — and a value that looks high but has not moved in ten years usually is not. 34 Why would tan delta be measured at more than one voltage? Comparing results across a range of test voltages — often called a tip-up or voltage-dependence check — can reveal defects a single-voltage test does not, because some conditions only begin to dissipate significantly as electrical stress rises. A specimen that reads acceptably at low voltage and climbs steeply as voltage increases is telling you something a single reading would have hidden. Whether it forms part of a given routine depends on the asset and the maintenance standard being followed. 35 Why is my tan delta reading negative? A genuinely negative dielectric loss is not physically possible in passive insulation, so a negative reading is telling you about the measurement rather than about the specimen. The usual causes are a connection or guard error that has put a current path where the instrument does not expect one, interference from nearby energised equipment large enough to swamp a very low loss reading, or a stray path to earth on a specimen that should be isolated. Re-check the guard arrangement and the earthing before doing anything else; a negative value is one of the more useful warnings an instrument gives, because it is unambiguous. 36 Can tan delta testing be done while adjacent equipment is energised? The apparatus under test must itself be de-energised, isolated, earthed and discharged before connection — that is not negotiable. Surrounding equipment may remain energised, and in practice that is the normal condition rather than the exception, which is what makes interference rejection a practical requirement rather than a specification nicety. Normal high-voltage working practice applies throughout: permit to work, proved isolation, earthing applied and removed under control. 37 What checks are required before applying test voltage in a Tan Delta kit? Earth the instrument reliably. Confirm the specimen is isolated, earthed and discharged, then remove the earth from the specimen before testing. Carry out an insulation test on the equipment before applying AC test voltage. Establish the equipment's withstand level and choose a test voltage below it, so the test cannot spark through the specimen and damage the instrument. Confirm the site supply is inside the instrument's stated window. Keep high-voltage leads clear of personnel and check them for damage before every job — a lead that was sound last month is not evidence about today. 38 What must never be done during a Tan Delta Test? Never disconnect a test lead while voltage is applied - the discharge path may be through whoever is holding it. Never touch the high-voltage terminal or connected equipment while the instrument is raising voltage. Never exceed the stated maximum supply input. Never let a suspended high-voltage lead contact ground during a test where it is meant to be clear. And never leave a tested specimen un-earthed at the end of a test: a capacitive specimen holds charge after the source is removed, and discharging and earthing before touching anything is the last step of the test, not an afterthought. 39 How often should a tan delta kit be calibrated? Annual calibration against a traceable standard is the usual expectation for test and measurement equipment in utility service, and tender specifications frequently require a valid certificate at the point of supply. An instrument with an external standard capacitor input also allows a field accuracy check between calibrations where a traceable reference is available. 40 What protections should a tan delta kit have? Below protections are expected from a reputed Tan Delta KitEarth detection that prevents voltage being raised without a reliable earth.Over-current and short-circuit protection on the output, since a specimen can break down during a test.Over-voltage and supply-fluctuation protection on the input.Thermal protection.An emergency stop that removes the high-voltage output internally rather than merely disconnecting at a terminal, with an indicator showing whenever high voltage is live.These are what separate an instrument intended for substation work from one intended for a laboratory bench. 41 What support is provided after purchasing tan delta kit? Every instrument we supply comes with application support from the engineers who specified it, not from a call-centre script. That covers help interpreting a reading you are unsure about, guidance on the right test mode and connection for an asset you have not tested before, and support on site where the job needs it. Reach us on 0124 4001088 or support@kpmtek.com, 10 to 6PM 42 Do you help with the first test on site of tan delta kit? Yes, Online commissioning and training at the customer's site as part of supply. Each equipment supplied by KPM is backed by KPM’s support 43 What if I get a reading I do not understand on tan delta kit? Send the record to support@kpmtek.com with the asset details and the test conditions, and one of our engineers will go through it with you. This is the support customers use most — a result that looks wrong at six in the evening during a shutdown is not something to work through alone. Typical response: 1day 44 How quickly do you respond to a service request? Telephone / Whatsapp Support (Instantly / Depends on availability ), Email response within 24 working hours 45 Are spares and consumables available in tan delta kit? Yes — test leads, earthing leads, mains leads, printer consumables and fuses are generally stocked. Using the correct matched test leads affects measurement accuracy, so replacements should be ordered rather than substituted locally. 46 What warranty applies on tan delta kit? Every instrument we supply is warranted against defects in materials and workmanship for twelve months from the date of despatch. Within that period we repair or replace any unit that fails in normal service, at no charge to you. If something does go wrong, call us before opening the instrument. A good share of reported faults turn out to be a connection, a setting or a site supply problem that we can resolve over the phone the same day — and an instrument opened outside our works is no longer covered, so that call is worth making first. Where a unit genuinely needs to come in, we arrange the return and keep you posted on progress. Warranty covers failure, not damage. Physical damage, water ingress, repair or modification by anyone other than us, and consumables such as printer paper and fuses all fall outside it. One exclusion is worth knowing in advance because it is both common and entirely avoidable: supply voltage above the instrument's stated maximum causes permanent damage that no warranty covers. On a site with unstable or unregulated supply, measure before you connect.Calibration is a separate matter from warranty. A calibration certificate confirms the instrument reads correctly; the warranty covers it against failing. An instrument can be inside warranty and outside calibration, and it needs both to be worth anything on site.Support is not limited to the warranty period. Help with a connection, a test mode or a reading you are unsure about continues for as long as you own the instrument.