KPM Engineering ( A Leading S/S test equipment Company ) and Wellman Power ( A leading CT PT manufacturer ) collaborates to form a Development Center For Instrument Transformers ( DCIT ) with state of art test equipment and standards . It is an initiative to serve power sector @ www.kpmtek.com DCIT - Entwicklungszentrum für Messwandler KPM Engineering (Ein führendes S/S-Testgerät Company, das S/S bis zu 765 kV Level bedient) ) _cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58 CT PT-Hersteller bis zu 132KV ) arbeitet zusammen, um a zu bildenEntwicklungszentrum für Messwandler ( DCIT ) mit modernster Prüftechnik und Standards . Es ist eine Initiative, um Power Sector Kunden mit unübertroffenen Qualitäts- und Präzisionsprodukten zu bedienen. DCIT konzentriert sich auf drei Hauptaspekte von Messwandlern 1) Conductor 2) Insulation_cc781905 -5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ _cc781905-5cde-3194- bb3b-136bad5cf58d_3) Core Einige Schlüsselbereiche von F & E in DCIT sind -: Charakterisierung von Spannung instrument transformators unter nicht sinusförmigen Bedingungen Anwendung von instrument transformators in der Netzqualitätsbewertung Messtechnische Leistungen von Spannung und Strom instrument transformators in Oberschwingungsmessungen Erkennung und Korrektur systematischer Fehler in messwandler In Kontakt kommen

KPM relay testing equipment with high current rating, precision & advanced software. Ideal for distance, differential, df/dt & protection relay testing. UNIVERSELLES RELAIS-TEST-KIT KF86 P , (6I , 6V & IEC 61850) 10Kg Tech-Blog KF 86P ist ein fortschrittliches, leistungsstarkes und hochpräzises automatisches Relais-Testkit, ideal für alle Arten von Relais-Testanwendungen. Hohe Nennleistung und hohe Stromstärke Ideales Relais-Testkit zum Testen von High Buden Elektromechanischen Relais Geringes Gewicht und hochmodernes Design (nur 10 kg) Hochmoderne Software (mit allen erweiterten Funktionen) zum Testen numerischer Relais Entspricht IEC61850-9-1, IEC61850-9-2, IEC60044-7/8 usw. (optional) Hardware-Merkmale des Universal-Relais-Testkits (KF86P): Sechs unabhängige Wechselspannungsquellen von jeweils 0–310 V bei 105 VA. Sechs unabhängige Stromquellen von 0 - 35 A bei je 425 VA. Eine unabhängige Hilfs-DC-Quelle von 14 ~ 300 V . Analogausgänge mit hoher Genauigkeit von <0,15 %rd + 0,05 %rg,Guar. Geeignet zum Prüfen von numerischen sowie elektromechanischen Relais Wandler- und Energiezählertest (optional im Relais-Testkit) KFA 300 , (3I & 3U), 3 kg Tech-Blog Einzigartiges Angebot: Leichtestes Relais-Testkit von < 3 kg mit analogem Ausgang Stromquellen: 3 x 10 A Spannungsquellen: 3 x 265 V Eingebautes Display und Akku Ideal zum Testen von numerischen und statischen Relais Softwarefunktion Manuelle/automatische AC-Testfunktion Zustandssequenzer-Testfunktion Überstrom-Breaker-Tester-Funktion Remote-Funktion (Signal, Messung, Steuerung). Fernsignaltestfunktion KFA 300 , (3I & 3U), 3 kg Tech-Blog Einzigartiges Angebot: Leichtestes Relais-Testkit von < 3 kg mit analogem Ausgang Stromquellen: 3 x 10 A Spannungsquellen: 3 x 265 V Eingebautes Display und Akku Ideal zum Testen von numerischen und statischen Relais Softwarefunktion Manuelle/automatische AC-Testfunktion Zustandssequenzer-Testfunktion Überstrom-Breaker-Tester-Funktion Remote-Funktion (Signal, Messung, Steuerung). Fernsignaltestfunktion Relais-Testkit - K68I (3I & 4U) Tech-Blog K68i ist ein leistungsstarkes und robustes Relais-Testkit zum halbautomatischen und manuellen Testen von Relais . Hardware Features of Relay Test Kit K68i: Relaistester im All-in-One-Design mit 6,4-Zoll-LCD-Display. Four unabhängige AC-Spannungsquellen von 0–300 V bei jeweils 110 VA. Drei unabhängige Stromquellen mit jeweils 0–35 A bei 450 VA. Eine unabhängige Hilfs-DC-Quelle von 0 ~ 300 V/0,6 A. Hochpräzise analoge Ausgänge von <0,15 % rd + 0,05 % rg, Guar. Projektorkompatibler Anschluss für Schulungs- und Studienzwecke. Robustes Design mit extrem langlebigem Drehgeber + Funktionstastatur. Softwarefunktionen von Universal Relay Test Kit K68i: Kann die meisten Relais im manuellen oder halbautomatischen Modus testen - Spannungsrelais, Stromrelais, Frequenzrelais, Leistungsrelais, Impedanzrelais, Oberschwingungsrelais, Distanzrelais usw. Mit Eigengehäuse & Erdungserkennungsfunktion Video Relay Test Kit Videos - Relais-Testkits Relay Test Kit Videos Relay Test Kit Videos Video abspielen Teilen Ganzer Kanal Dieses Video Facebook Twitter Pinterest Tumblr Link kopieren Link kopiert Search videos Video suchen... Wird abgespielt KPM KFA320 00:35 Video abspielen Wird abgespielt Random check on K3063i universal relay test kit with fluke 6.5 digit multimeter . 01:10 Video abspielen Wird abgespielt KFA 300 , Lightest Relay Test Kit ( 3.5 KG ) 07:29 Video abspielen Theorie - Relaisprüfung Theory -Relay Test Kit Relais-Testkit – Theorie Das Schutzrelais ist ein Gerät, das die Ausrüstung des Stromversorgungssystems wartet und unter anormalen Bedingungen einen Ausgang liefert, um den Schutz des Systems zu gewährleisten. Das grundlegende Ziel des Schutzrelais besteht darin, den fehlerhaften Abschnitt in einem Stromversorgungssystem so schnell wie möglich zu isolieren, damit der Rest des Systems normal funktioniert. Es ist notwendig, Sicherheit, Zuverlässigkeit, Qualität, Empfindlichkeit und Geschwindigkeit von Relais zu ermitteln. In nationalen und internationalen Normen werden verschiedene Tests empfohlen, um die Widerstandsfähigkeit eines Relais unter Fehlerbedingungen zu überprüfen. Während des Tests wird das Schutzrelais simulierten Feldbedingungen unterzogen, um seine Leistung zu überprüfen. Die relevanten nationalen/internationalen Normen empfehlen viele Tests, um die Wirksamkeit des Relais zur Erfüllung seiner beabsichtigten Funktion zu ermitteln. Ein Relais empfängt die Eingangssignale von CTs/PTs und sein Programm berechnet die Fehlerbedingungen je nach Anwendung. Er gibt einen Auslösebefehl an den Leistungsschalter aus, wenn er einen fehlerhaften Zustand erkennt. Auf der Grundlage der Anwendung kann Relais in die folgenden Typen eingeteilt werden: Schritt 1: Relay Testing Kit injiziert einen Fehler in Form von I & V an den jeweiligen CT- und PT-Punkten von Relay under test . Der Timer des Relay Testing Kit beginnt mit der Initiierung von fault injection. Schritt 2: Das Relais erkennt den Fehler und gibt den Auslösebefehl aus, sein Auslösezeitpunkt muss von den Zeiteigenschaften der Relaiseinstellungen abhängen. Schritt 3: Das Relais-Testkit empfängt den Auslösebefehl vom Relais und stoppt den Timer. Schritt 4: Die gemessenen Auslösekennlinien werden in Bezug auf die erwartete Auslösung gemäß den Einstellungen des Ingenieurs verglichen. Der grundlegende Anschluss des Schutzrelais wurde im Bild gezeigt. Die Sekundärseite des Stromwandlers ist mit der Stromspule des Relais verbunden. Die Sekundärseite des Spannungswandlers ist mit der Spannungsspule des Relais verbunden. Immer wenn ein Fehler im Zuleitungskreis auftritt, fließt ein proportionaler Sekundärstrom des Stromwandlers durch die Stromspule des Relais, wodurch sich der MMF dieser Spule erhöht. Dieser erhöhte mmf reicht aus, um den normalerweise offenen Kontakt des Relais mechanisch zu schließen. Dieser Relaiskontakt schließt tatsächlich und vervollständigt den Gleichstrom-Auslösespulenkreis, und daher wird die Auslösespule erregt. Die mmf der Auslösespule leitet die mechanische Bewegung des Auslösemechanismus des Leistungsschalters ein und schließlich wird der Leistungsschalter ausgelöst, um den Fehler zu isolieren. Relaistypen nach verschiedenen Anforderungen: Differential Relay Überstrom Relay Frequenzbetätigt Relay Gerichteter Überstrom Relay Eingeschränkter Erdschluss Relay Über Fluxing Relay Entfernungsschemata Relay Stromschienenschutz Relay Rückwärtsleistung Relay Erregungsverlust Relay Negative Ph. Sequence Relay Energiezähler Relay Transducers Relay Fehler Playback Relay Häufig gestellte Fragen FAQ-RTK FAQ about all our Relay testing Software 01 What can KPM relay testing software test? Protection relays and IEDs across the common functions, plus two instrument families. The basic modules cover AC/DC injection, ramping, state sequencing, harmonics, frequency and transient playback. The function modules add distance, overcurrent, differential, differential configuration, harmonic restraint, auto-reclose, synchronism check and power swing. On the digital side it tests IEC 61850 protection and IEDs using GOOSE and sampled values, and merging units. Two licensed optional modules extend it to energy meter and transducer calibration. The Test Center then chains any combination of those into a single automated run.Protection relays and IEDs across the common functions, plus two instrument families. The basic modules cover AC/DC injection, ramping, state sequencing, harmonics, frequency and transient playback. The function modules add distance, overcurrent, differential, differential configuration, harmonic restraint, auto-reclose, synchronism check and power swing. On the digital side it tests IEC 61850 protection and IEDs using GOOSE and sampled values, and merging units. Two licensed optional modules extend it to energy meter and transducer calibration. The Test Center then chains any combination of those into a single automated run.The six basic modules on the startup page. Advanced and additional tabs hold the function-specific ones — distance, overcurrent, differential, reclose, synchroniser and power swing. 02 What PC do I need to run KPM relay test kit software? Windows 7 SP1 through to Windows 11. On Windows 7 you also need .NET Framework 4.0, and 8 or 8.1 must be 64-bit. Installation requires administrator privileges — right-click the installer and choose “Run as administrator”, or it will fail part-way. Screen resolution must be at least 1024 × 768, though in practice the impedance and characteristic editors are far easier to work with on a larger display. One recommendation from the manual that is not a hardware requirement but matters more than any of the above: run it on a dedicated machine that is not connected to an external network. 03 How do I connect a KPM relay test kit to my laptop? Over Ethernet, and the only thing to get right is the addressing. The kit leaves the factory on 192.168.1.123. Set the laptop to anything else on that subnet — 192.168.1.x where x is 1 to 254 but not 123 — with subnet mask 255.255.255.0, then connect the cable. The software shows the connection state at the top right of the window, reading either “Connected” with the kit's IP address or “Not connected”.The whole connection procedure in one picture. The kit ships on 192.168.1.123; the laptop goes anywhere on 192.168.1.x except .123, subnet mask 255.255.255.0 04 Why won't my KPM relay test kit connect to the software? Two causes account for almost all of it. First, the laptop and the kit are on different subnets: the software will display the kit's IP address but never complete the connection, and will keep retrying indefinitely — which looks like a fault but is just an addressing mismatch. Check the laptop's IP is on the same segment. Second, the Windows firewall is blocking the connection; confirm it is not filtering the software. If the laptop has more than one network adapter, check you have configured the one the cable is plugged into. 05 Can I use KPM relay testing software offline, without the kit connected? Yes, and it is a genuinely useful way to work. Opening the System Settings dialog with no kit connected lets you import an offline device configuration file, after which you can explore every feature and build complete offline test templates. That means the whole preparation job — importing relay settings, defining the test object, laying out modules, adding test points — can be done at a desk the evening before, so the site visit is spent testing rather than typing. The software is in any case designed to run entirely offline; it needs no internet connection at any point.Relay settings in on the left, reports out on the right. Everything between happens inside the Test Center, and all of it can be built with no kit connected. 06 What are the main parts of the KPM relay test kit software screen? Eight regions. The title bar and the menu and toolbar across the top; the Test Center tree down the left, holding the test object and its modules; the main test view in the centre where parameters and test points are entered; the vector view and the characteristic view on the right; a dock area along the bottom carrying history, binary input and output status, alarms and the auxiliary DC indicator; and the status bar. The two views on the right are the ones worth learning first: they show what is about to be injected and where the test point falls against the relay's own characteristic, both before anything runs.Eight regions, and the two that matter most sit on the right: the vector view shows what is being injected and the characteristic view shows where the test point falls against the relay's own curve. Both update before you run anything. 07 Is the KPM relay testing software safe to use on a secure or isolated network? It is designed for exactly that. The software functions entirely offline and needs no network access of its own, which makes it suitable for isolated substation environments. The manual sets out the practices to go with that: run it on a dedicated PC not connected to any external network, use USB drives that have been scanned for malware before and after use, take software updates only from KPM through verified offline channels, and follow your own organisation's IT and cyber-security policy. Unauthorised modification or unintended network connection is outside what KPM supports. 08 What output types does a KPM relay test kit support? Six, selected in System Config. Power amplifier for conventional analogue voltage and current injection, which is what most work uses. Low-level output when the signal is going into an external amplifier. And four digital modes — IEC 61850-9-1, IEC 61850-9-2, FT3 and collector — where the kit publishes digital sampled values instead of analogue signals. Selecting a digital mode automatically reveals the relevant configuration tabs in the menu bar. Whichever you choose, the configuration is not live until Apply is pressed; if the kit is not connected you will get “Failed to send configuration”.One screen decides what the kit actually emits. Note the Apply button at bottom right — nothing is sent to the kit until it is pressed 09 How do I wire the current outputs of a KPM relay test kit? It depends on how much current you need against how many channels. A six-channel kit can run six currents independently, or parallel group 1 with group 2 for three higher-current channels, or split three plus one, one plus three, or one plus one, or output three DC currents with group 2 shorted to ground. A three-channel kit offers three independent, one paralleled three-phase, or three DC. The trade is always the same: paralleling buys current at the cost of channels. Two of the paralleled arrangements are only effective in the AC test, ramp and state sequence modules.Six independent current channels, arranged as two groups of three. Paralleling the groups trades channel count for current, which is how a single kit covers both a three-phase distance test and a high-current differential test. 10 When does the auxiliary DC output become unavailable on a KPM relay test kit? When you need the voltage channels instead. On a four-voltage-channel kit you get four-phase voltage output plus auxiliary DC. On a seven-channel kit you choose: seven independent phase voltages with no auxiliary DC, or five-phase voltage plus auxiliary DC — and enabling the auxiliary DC in that second arrangement makes the group 2 Ib and Ic voltage channels unavailable. Worth knowing before a job, because discovering it on site means rethinking the test 11 What is the auxiliary DC output on a KPM relay test kit for? Powering the protective device under test, so you do not need a separate station battery supply or bench PSU at the test position. Selectable levels run from 24 V up to 350 V, with an “Other” entry for values in between. It is independent of every test module — nothing any module does affects it — and it can be switched on from the status bar of any module rather than having to leave what you are doing. When it is live, the auxiliary DC indicator on the startup page and in every module's status bar turns green. 12 Can a KPM relay test kit test IEC 61850 IEDs with sampled values? Yes, in either 9-1 or 9-2, selected to match what the IED under test actually uses. The configuration covers sample rate, ASDU count, flip mode and sync mode, then per-IED details — MAC destination and source, APPID, VLAN ID, priority, port and a test flag — and the SVID, nominal delay and version. Channels are then mapped to the fibre. None of this needs typing by hand: import the station's SCD, CID or ICD file, or a previously saved configuration, and use the “configure as group 1 to 6” buttons to finish quickly. Once mapped, the channels apply across every test module.Sampled-value configuration. The tedious part — MAC addresses, APPIDs, SVIDs, channel mapping — is avoided by importing the station's SCD, CID or ICD file. 13 What is GOOSE mode on a KPM relay test kit? It replaces the physical binary wiring with GOOSE messages. Set the binary type to GOOSE and the kit publishes and subscribes instead of using its contact terminals — a binary output becomes a GOOSE publisher, a binary input becomes a GOOSE subscriber. Configuration covers GocbRef, GoID, dataset name, allowed time and the T0 to T3 retransmission times, and again SCL import does most of the work. A message detection function will scan for and identify the GOOSE signals actually present on the network, which saves guessing. The practical point: once mapped, every test module works exactly as it does with wired contacts.GOOSE mapped to binary channels. A publisher takes the place of a binary output and a subscriber takes the place of a binary input, so every test module then works unchanged. 14 What is the difference between relay contact and GOOSE binary types? Where the trip signal travels. Relay contact uses the kit's physical binary input and output ports — banana plugs or a combination connector — to send and receive binary signals, and each input can be configured as potential free (wet or dry contact) or, on some models, to trigger on a voltage threshold with a nominal voltage and a reaction threshold percentage. GOOSE sends and receives the same binary signals over the mapped GOOSE channels instead. Both can be active together, which is how a part-digital substation gets tested in one pass. 15 What is a virtual binary input in KPM relay testing software? A software button that simulates an external binary input signal, letting you trigger a state transition from the keyboard rather than needing a real contact to close. It is useful when developing a test template offline, or when the signal you want to trigger on is not conveniently wired. To use it you first map the software button to a binary input channel in the Binary section of the software settings, then enable it under virtual digital inputs in System Config. 16 What is the deglitch time, and why does it matter for trip-time accuracy? It filters transient spikes on the trip signal so that contact bounce is not recorded as an operation. The setting range is 0 to 25 ms and it is entered on the Device tab of the test object. The rule is simple: a binary input change is only recorded if it lasts longer than the deglitch time. With a deglitch time of 15 ms, a flip shorter than that is ignored. This is worth understanding because it cuts both ways — too short and contact bounce produces spurious operations, too long and a genuinely fast trip is filtered out along with the noise. 17 What is a test object in KPM relay testing software? The software's model of the relay you are testing, holding its settings so every module can work from one source. It is organised by protection function — Device, Distance, Overcurrent, Differential, Synchroniser, Transducer, VI Starting and CB — and every type except Device can hold several data instances, so one test object can carry multiple setting groups for the same relay. The test object does two jobs beyond storage: it calculates the expected result for each fault condition, against which the measured result is compared to give a pass or fail; and it generates a visual representation of the relay's characteristics that you can click to place test points.The Device tab is the top of the test object. Nominal values entered here drive every module's primary-to-secondary conversion, and the deglitch time set here governs trip detection throughout. 18 How do I import KPM relay settings into the KPM relay test kit software? Through the Test Object Converter, reached from the “Edit / Import .krt Template” button inside the test object. The converter uses a filter that mirrors the relay manufacturer's own data structure, so the settings sit where an engineer familiar with that relay expects them. Three steps: open the template for the relay you are testing and go to Test Object → Edit; either type the protection settings in or use Import to read them from the relay setting software; then confirm and save them into the test object. Where a template carries several filters for one relay family, the one reporting more matches is generally the better fit.The converter mirrors the relay manufacturer's own data structure, so settings can be read across rather than retyped. Where several filters exist for one relay family, the one reporting more matches is the better fit. 19 What file formats can a protection KPM relay test set import settings from? RIO, RIO3 and XRIO, plus direct import from relay setting software through the converter filter. RIO is the compatibility format, readable by both version 2.x and 3.x of the software, but it cannot carry everything — more than three elements in an overcurrent element type, for instance, will not export to it. RIO3 is the current format and is version 3.x only. An XRIO file can be imported provided it contains RIO object data; if it does not, the software will tell you the file is invalid rather than importing something incomplete. 20 What is a test template, and why does it save time? A saved .krt file holding the test object, every test module you organised under it, and all your user-defined test points. Once a relay type is set up, the template loads the whole arrangement in one step, so the second and every subsequent unit of that type is tested without rebuilding anything. For a testing contractor working through a substation full of identical feeders, this is the difference between a day and a week. Completed tests can additionally be saved as an XML report, which can be reloaded later to view results and parameters, or used interchangeably with a template. 21 What is the Test Center, and how does automated relay testing work? The Test Center is where modules are organised into a sequence that runs on its own. The structure is hierarchical: a Bay at the top, test objects beneath it, and test modules under each object, optionally collected into groups. Every node has an activation checkbox, and only ticked nodes are used. Then Start All runs from the first active module to the last and stops; Start One runs only the module at the cursor; Continue runs from the cursor to the end. That is what “one-click testing” means in practice — a full commissioning sequence for a relay, started once and left to finish. 22 How does System Config scope work in the Test Center? Each test object must have at least one System Config module, and the software adds a default one in first position automatically. A System Config applies only to modules at the same or a lower level that come after it — never to modules before it or above it. Where two System Configs would both apply, the nearest one to the module wins. One trap worth knowing: if a System Config's own activation checkbox is not ticked, its scope does not take effect at all and the modules that would have used it fall back to the default. 23 Can a relay test template adapt automatically when the protection settings change? Yes, and for anyone maintaining general-purpose templates this is the most useful feature in the Test Center. Using “From Reference” on a module's right-click menu, that module's activation checkbox can be linked to a boolean parameter in the test object. When the relay's settings change — a function enabled or disabled — the corresponding test module activates or deactivates itself to match, with no editing. A linked node shows a blue background and its checkbox is locked until the reference is removed. 24 What is the Test Delay module for in an automated test sequence? Pausing an automated run so a person can do something. Dropped between modules in the Test Center, it displays a prompt — text, an image, or both — and waits, with the wait set as Manual, Time, or Manual plus Time. That covers the real interruptions in a commissioning sequence: change a setting group, move a lead, confirm a link position. It can also invoke an external application, though note the limit — the software calls the external program but does not manage or check its results. 25 How do I test a distance relay with a KPM relay test kit? Define the relay's zones in the Distance tab of the test object first — line length and angle, PT position, CT starpoint, grounding factor and a zone list with trip times — and the software draws the resulting characteristic. Then in the Distance module, place test points in the impedance plane by right-clicking on it or by typing |Z|, Phi, R and X. Points are sorted automatically by fault type and linked to the impedance view. Two settings are worth checking twice: PT position decides whether post-fault voltage is zero or nominal, and CT starpoint direction shifts the injected current by 180° if it is wrong.Zones defined on the left, characteristic drawn on the right. PT position and CT starpoint are the two settings most often left wrong — the starpoint choice alone shifts the injected current by 180°. 26 What is the difference between a shot test and a search test? A shot test checks specific points: you choose impedances, the kit injects each one, and the result is whether the relay tripped and how fast at each. A search test finds the boundary: you define a line through the characteristic and the software fires a series of shots along it, narrowing down until it has located the actual reach, with the number of shots calculated from the zones and the search resolution. One rule governs search lines — one end must be inside the zone and the other outside, because if both ends are on the same side there is no boundary to find. 27 What do the I=Constant, U=Constant and Z=Constant fault models mean? Which quantity the software holds fixed while it calculates the other. I=Constant fixes the test current and calculates the fault voltage. U=Constant fixes the test voltage and calculates the fault current. Z=Constant fixes the source impedance and calculates both from it and the test point. Two automatic protections apply: if the calculated fault voltage would exceed nominal × 0.9 the module reduces the test current, and if the calculated fault current would exceed the kit's maximum output it reduces the test voltage. The model is a global setting and applies to both shot and search tests. 28 How do I test an overcurrent relay with IDMT curves? Define the elements in the Overcurrent tab of the test object — phase, residual, positive, negative or zero sequence — each with its characteristic, pickup as a multiple of nominal current, time multiplier and direction. Standard IDMT, I²T and IAC characteristics are built in with their own constants, and custom curves can be entered as a current-time table. Then add test points on the characteristic view by right-clicking or entering test current and angle. All enabled elements operate in parallel and the combined curve is shown on the resulting characteristic tab — which is what the test is actually judged against, not the individual element curves.Elements on the left, the IDMT equation and its constants below, the resulting curve on the right. Every enabled element operates in parallel, and the combined curve is what the test is judged against. 29 What does “load current too high” mean on an overcurrent test point? That the test point cannot be reached with the load current you have set. The point appears as a red circle on the characteristic and the assessment says so explicitly, which is the software refusing to run a test it knows would be invalid rather than producing a misleading number. The fix is to reduce the load current setting. It is worth knowing this is a module constraint and not a relay problem — the point itself is testable, just not with that much prefault load current on top of it. 30 How do I test a differential relay bias characteristic? Set the protected object up first in the Differential tab — transformer, generator, motor or busbar; winding count and reference winding; per-winding power, voltage, CT ratios, vector group and star-point earthing; zero-sequence elimination; and the Ibias calculation model your relay manufacturer uses. Then define the bias curve as inflection points, entered as bias and differential current pairs, with the slope calculated for you. The module tests it by simulating faults inside and outside the protected zone, as either shot tests at chosen points or search tests that hold Ibias fixed and search for the actual Idiff boundary.The bias curve built from inflection points. The dashed bands either side are the tolerance envelope the test points are judged against, so the curve and the pass criteria are defined in one place. 31 How do I test harmonic inrush restraint on a differential relay? The restraint curve is defined on the Harmonic tab of the differential test object — the harmonic order, the tolerance band, and inflection points entered as ratio and differential current pairs. The dedicated Harmonic Restraint module then tests it, with the same shot and search choice as the main differential test. This matters because inrush restraint is the function most likely to cause a nuisance trip in service and the least likely to have been proved at commissioning; it is a genuine gap in a lot of maintenance routines. 32 How do I test an auto-recloser with a KPM relay test kit? The Reclose module simulates the whole cycle including post-acceleration, using five states in one shot: prefault, fault, post-fault, reclosed and post-acceleration. The Ux channel simulates the line voltage, with settable amplitude, phase angle and reference channel. Binary inputs 1 to 3 take the trip commands, per phase or three-phase, and binary input 4 takes the reclose command. Results come back as three measured times — trip, reclose, and second trip. A permanent-fault option keeps the fault present after reclosing, which is what proves lockout; the module is transient by default.Five states in one shot: prefault, fault, postfault, reclosed, post-acceleration. The trip and reclose binary inputs along the bottom are what turn this into three measured times from a single injection. 33 How do I test a synchronising relay? The Synchroniser module simulates connecting a generator to the grid. One voltage group is the system side, which is the reference at zero degrees; the other is the generator side, which the software varies. Eight test functions cover it: action voltage, action frequency, angle/time, electric zero, pulse width control on frequency and on voltage, slip acceleration latch, and a full auto-synchroniser. That last one is the closed-loop test — binary inputs 5 to 8 receive the relay's own voltage and frequency raise and lower commands and the software responds to them, which is the only way to prove an automatic synchroniser genuinely works.Two voltage groups simulate the two sides of the breaker. The four binary inputs on the right catch the relay's own raise and lower commands, which is what makes a closed-loop auto-synchronizer test possible. 34 How do I test frequency and voltage protection with a KPM relay test kit? The Frequency Test module covers both. Under-frequency testing measures the frequency pickup, the operating time at a given frequency, the df/dt rate-of-change response, and the under-voltage and under-current latch behaviour. Under-voltage testing mirrors it — voltage pickup, operating time, dv/dt response and the under-current latch. The rate-of-change functions matter more than they used to: df/dt and dv/dt elements are increasingly used on networks with high renewable penetration, and they cannot be proved with a static injection. 35 What is a state sequencer, and when should I use it instead of a ramp? A state sequencer defines a series of output states and steps through them, which makes it the right tool for any time measurement — trip time above all. It offers eleven output modes, per-state binary outputs, and triggers on time, binary input, binary-plus-time, key press, or GPS/IRIG-B. It can also apply linear dv/dt, di/dt and df/dt changes within a state, plus closing angle and superimposed non-periodic components. The manual is explicit about the division of labour: the trip time shown in a ramp result is for reference only and not used for evaluation. For a trip time you intend to report, use a state sequence. 36 What is a ramping test used for on a protection KPM relay test set? Finding a threshold rather than timing an operation — pickup, drop-off, and anything derived from the two. It works as a table of ramping states, each holding one or more variables with a from value, a to value, a step and a step time. Results appear as ramp measurements, and you can enter a set value with positive and negative deviation for each so the software assesses pass or fail itself. The calculated condition feature is what makes it powerful: measure pickup in one ramp and drop-off in a second, then define the formula result 2 / result 1 and the reset ratio is evaluated automatically. 37 Can a KPM relay test kit replay a COMTRADE fault record? Yes — that is the Transplay module, and it is the fastest way to settle an argument about why a relay operated. Import the COMTRADE record and it plays back, with manual, binary or GPS triggering. Every voltage and current channel is editable and can be superimposed, channels can be combined arithmetically, outputs are scaled from primary to secondary values, and the original record is interpolated with a selectable algorithm. Sections can be repeated by start time, interval and count. One detail worth knowing: COMTRADE stores peak-to-peak values while the kit always outputs RMS, and the software handles the conversion. 38 Can a KPM relay test kit simulate a power swing? Yes. The Power Swing module models a two-terminal transmission system — generator source, line, system source — and calculates the voltage and current that would appear at the protection's location as the power angle oscillates. The angle can swing between defined start and end angles, or rotate continuously clockwise or counter-clockwise through 360°, for a set number of cycles. A fault can be superimposed on the oscillation. It is used for generator out-of-step protection and out-of-step blocking, and to check whether a system swing will cause distance or zero-sequence line protection to misoperate — which is exactly the scenario that turns a local fault into a wide-area event. 39 Can a KPM relay test kit calibrate energy meters and transducers? Yes, through two licensed optional modules. The energy meter module calibrates function and accuracy for single-phase, three-phase three-wire and three-phase four-wire meters, using the meter constant, CT and PT ratios, pulse type and count, and settling time, and it records ambient temperature and humidity into the report. It needs a photoelectric conversion sampler connected. The transducer module covers active, reactive and apparent power, frequency, AC and DC current and voltage, power factor and phase, with the characteristic defined by minimum, knee, maximum and saturation points. Both evaluate against tolerances you set. 40 How does a KPM relay test kit measure trip time? By timing from fault inception to the trip contact. The kit injects the prefault condition, then applies the fault and starts its timer at the same instant; the relay's own delay logic runs; the trip command arrives at a binary input and the timer stops. The measured time is then compared with the relay's setting to give a pass or fail. Two things govern the accuracy of that number. The binary change must last longer than the deglitch time to be recorded at all. And the prefault state must be long enough for the relay to see healthy conditions and reset — 500 ms minimum is the recommendation for shot tests.Trip time is the interval between fault inception and the trip contact changing state. The prefault state is not optional padding — the relay has to see healthy conditions long enough to reset before the fault arrives, or the measured time is meaningless. 41 How does kpm relay testing software decide whether a test passed or failed? By comparing the measured value with the value it calculated from the test object, against the tolerances you set. Tolerances are entered in two forms — relative as a percentage and absolute as a value — and the rule that matters is that the software takes the larger of the two. That is deliberate and it is the sensible behaviour: a purely relative tolerance becomes absurdly tight near zero, while a purely absolute one becomes meaningless at large values. Both current and time deviations are judged this way. Points that pass are drawn green on the characteristic, points that fail are drawn red. 42 What report formats does kpm relay testing software produce? RTF and PDF for the finished report, following a layout you configure through Report Set, which controls which data blocks appear. There is also an export function for custom report formats to suit a particular customer's requirements. Separately, results save as XML, which is a different thing and more useful than it sounds — see the next answer. Test personnel name and company name are entered once in the software settings and carried into every report, and per-module comments and a modifiable assessment conclusion can be added before the report is generated.The report preview, reachable by clicking the test object in the tree. Parameters, results, verdicts and the characteristic plot all travel into the RTF or PDF output together. 43 Can I reopen and review an old kpm relay test result? Yes, and this is the feature most worth knowing about. Results save as an XML file that can be reloaded later to view both the results and the template parameters that produced them — so a year later you can see not only what the relay did but exactly what was injected and what settings were assumed. The XML can also be used interchangeably with a .krt template, which means last year's test becomes this year's starting point. For anyone who has ever had to defend a commissioning result, this is the answer that matters. 44 What is the difference between primary and secondary value display? Which side of the CT and PT the numbers refer to. The toolbar switches the whole display between primary and secondary values, converting automatically using the ratios set in the test object. Secondary values are what the kit physically injects; primary values are what those represent out on the system. There are two more display toggles alongside it: absolute against relative, where relative values are expressed as multiples of the rated value, and seconds against cycles for the time format. All three are display conventions only — none of them changes the test. 45 What does the event recorder capture during a KPMs relay test? The changing states and the operating times of every binary input and output contact through the test. Where a result view gives you the headline number, the event recorder gives you the sequence — which contact changed, in what order, at what time. That distinction matters when a result is not what you expected: a trip that arrived on the wrong phase, a reclose that came before the trip reset, or a signal that chattered rather than operating cleanly are all visible in the event record and invisible in a single measured time. 46 What do the alarm indicators on a KPM relay test kit mean? Each turns red for a specific condition. V,H voltage amplifier overheating. V,I voltage amplifier wrongly connected to an external high-voltage source. V,S voltage output short circuit. I,H current amplifier overheating. P,B power imbalance. L,I low-level output wrongly connected to an external high-voltage source. And IA through IZ for current output open circuit, per channel. Two of these — V,I and L,I — are telling you a wiring error has connected an output to something it must never see, and warrant stopping rather than retrying. The open-circuit alarms only trigger above the detection threshold set in System Config. 47 The software says “Failed to send configuration”. What does that mean? That Apply was pressed in System Config while the kit was not connected. The configuration exists in the software but has not reached the hardware, so the kit is still running whatever it had before — which is the dangerous part, because the software will show your intended settings while the kit outputs something else. Re-establish the connection, check the status indicator reads Connected with the kit's IP address, then press Apply again and confirm it succeeds before running any test. 48 The relay operated but the test kit recorded no trip. What should I check? Work through it in this order. Is the trip contact wired to the binary input the module is actually watching, and is that input enabled in the trigger logic? Is the trigger logic set to OR when you meant OR — an AND across several inputs will not fire on one contact. Is the binary input's contact type right for the signal, potential free against threshold triggering? Is the deglitch time longer than the pulse the relay produced? And if the trigger mode is set to accept only a rising or only a falling edge, does the contact actually move in that direction? 49 How do I upgrade the firmware on a KPM relay test kit? Power up the kit and establish the connection first. Open the Upgrade window, load the new firmware package, and press Upgrade. Then leave it alone: the manual is emphatic that the power and communication connection must not be disconnected during the process. The software verifies the package against the connected model before it runs, and will refuse an incompatible version rather than attempting it — which is the protection you want, since a mismatched firmware load is the one thing that turns a test kit into a paperweight. It restarts itself when it finishes. 50 How do I add an optional module I have purchased? Through a licence certificate. The licence page shows which feature licences are currently authorised, and importing the new certificate you receive with the purchase activates the additional module. No reinstallation and no return to the factory — which means a kit bought for protection testing can be extended to energy meter or transducer calibration later, without replacing hardware. 51 How often should a KPM relay test kit be calibrated? Annual calibration against a traceable standard is the usual expectation for test and measurement equipment in utility service, and tender specifications frequently require a valid certificate at supply. The software includes a calibration function, but note the manual's restriction — it is for authorised personnel only and is not a user-accessible routine. 52 What safety precautions apply when using a KPM relay test kit? Treat it as a source, not a meter. The relay under test must be isolated from the live CT and PT circuits before anything is injected, or you are back-feeding the substation — and an open-circuited live CT is the single most dangerous thing in a protection panel. Earth the kit. Confirm the auxiliary DC level before energising a relay from it. Check where the trip output actually goes before allowing the relay to operate, because a trip signal reaching a real breaker during a test is not a theoretical risk. Normal permit-to-work and isolation practice applies throughout. 53 What support is provided with KPM relay testing software? KPM provides hands-on training at your site as part of supply, or as a separate chargeable visit, covering the modules your team uses on your own relays. Call 0124 4001088 or email sales@kpmtek.com to arrange it, or to request a demonstration.Reach us on 0124 4001088 or sales@kpmtek.com, 10 AM to 6 PM IST on working days. 54 Will you help me build my first test templates? Yes, we provide support in building templates for the relay types on your system as part of commissioning, and hands-on operator training at your site. State whether this is included in supply or chargeable, and whether it covers one location or several. ] Templates are where the time saving in this software actually lives, so getting the first few right is worth more than any amount of manual reading. 55 What if I get a test result, I do not understand? Save the XML result and send it to sales@kpmtek.com with the relay details. Because the XML carries both the results and the template parameters that produced them, our engineer can see exactly what was injected and what was assumed — which usually settles it without a site visit. This is the support customers use most. Typical response: 10 AM to 6 PM IST on working days. 56 How quickly do you respond to a support request? We support customers by telephone, email and online video meeting whenever they need it. Typical response to a test record sent for review is one to two working days.Reach us on 0124 4001088 or sales@kpmtek.com, 10 AM to 6 PM IST on working days. 57 How do I get software updates for my KPM relay test kit? Directly from us, through verified offline channels. Because the software is designed to run on an isolated PC, it does not update itself over the internet and should not be asked to — updates come as a file we supply, which is also the only route we can vouch for. 58 Do you handle calibration and repair of the KPM relay test kit? Yes. Repairs are carried out at the KPM service centre, and we arrange calibration with a traceable certificate. Contact us with the serial number and the issue, and we will confirm the turnaround before any work starts.Call first: many reported faults turn out to be a connection, a setting or a site supply problem that we can solve over the phone the same day. 59 What warranty applies to the relay test kit and its software? The relay test kit is warranted against defects in materials and workmanship for twelve months from dispatch. Within that period we repair or replace any unit that fails in normal service at no charge.Call us before opening the instrument, because opening the case voids the warranty. The warranty covers failure, not damage: physical damage, water ingress, repair or modification by others, consumables, and connecting high voltage or high current directly to the analyzer are excluded. Application support continues for as long as you own the instrument.

Advanced lightning arrester test kits by KPM for precise leakage current measurement, condition monitoring, and surge protection testing. BLITZABLEITER-TESTKIT ( LCM ) Online 1 Ph Lightning Arrester Tester (mit Spannungs- und Strommessung) Katalog Der Lightning Arrester Tester (KPM LA-100+) von KPM ist das spezielle Instrument zur Bestimmung der elektrischen Eigenschaften von Lightning Arrestors (LA/MOSA). KPM LA-100+ is fähig zum Testen online unter Verwendung der Messung von LA Leckstrom und Leitungs-PT-Ergebnissen als direkt für die zuverlässigsten IEC . Produktmerkmale von Lightning Arrester Tester (KPM LA-100+) Großbild-LCD-Display, englisches Benutzermenü, einfach zu bedienen. Verwenden Sie Präzisionsabtastung und Fourier-Harmonische-Analyse-Techniken, um zuverlässige Daten zu erhalten. Misst den Widerstandsstrom der 3. Harmonischen, Total Resistive Current, Total Leakage Current, V-I Angle Wiederaufladbarer Akku, Kalenderuhr, eingebauter Mikrodrucker, kann 120 Gruppenmessdaten speichern Online 3 Ph LA Tester (mit Funk-E-Sensor und Strommessung) Katalog KPM's 3-Phasen-Überspannungsableiter-Tester(KPM LA-103+) ist das spezielle Instrument zum Nachweis der elektrischen Eigenschaften von Blitzableitern (LA/MOSA). KPM LA-103+ is fähig zum Testen LA online mit sechs Hauptmethoden gemäß IEC -: 1. Großbild-LCD-Display, vollständige englische Menüführung, einfach zu bedienen. 2 Verwendung von hochpräzisen Abtast- und Verarbeitungsschaltungen, fortschrittliche Techniken der Fourier-Harmonischen Analyse, um Daten zuverlässig zu machen. 3. Das Instrument verwendet Spannungs- und Stromsignale, die direkt von einem einzigartigen Hochgeschwindigkeits-Magnetisolations-Digitalsensor erfasst und eingegeben werden, um die Zuverlässigkeit und Sicherheit der Daten zu gewährleisten 4. Dieses Gerät kann anstelle der PT-Sekundärverdrahtung ein induziertes elektrisches Feld oder ein drahtloses Übertragungsverfahren verwenden. 5. Das Instrument muss keinen PT-Sekundäranschluss anschließen und kann den Widerstandsstrom direkt messen. 6. Es gibt sechs Testmethoden, die eine Menge Auswahlmöglichkeiten für die Person vor Ort bieten. ( PT Sekundärmethode, Induktionsmethode, drahtlose Übertragungsmethode, eine einzige Stromsynchronisationsmethode, pt Sekundärsynchronisationsmethode) Online 3 Ph LA Tester (mit Funk-E-Sensor und Strommessung) Katalog KPM's 3-Phasen-Überspannungsableiter-Tester(KPM LA-103+) ist das spezielle Instrument zum Nachweis der elektrischen Eigenschaften von Blitzableitern (LA/MOSA). KPM LA-103+ is fähig zum Testen LA online mit sechs Hauptmethoden gemäß IEC -: 1. Großbild-LCD-Display, vollständige englische Menüführung, einfach zu bedienen. 2 Verwendung von hochpräzisen Abtast- und Verarbeitungsschaltungen, fortschrittliche Techniken der Fourier-Harmonischen Analyse, um Daten zuverlässig zu machen. 3. Das Instrument verwendet Spannungs- und Stromsignale, die direkt von einem einzigartigen Hochgeschwindigkeits-Magnetisolations-Digitalsensor erfasst und eingegeben werden, um die Zuverlässigkeit und Sicherheit der Daten zu gewährleisten 4. Dieses Gerät kann anstelle der PT-Sekundärverdrahtung ein induziertes elektrisches Feld oder ein drahtloses Übertragungsverfahren verwenden. 5. Das Instrument muss keinen PT-Sekundäranschluss anschließen und kann den Widerstandsstrom direkt messen. 6. Es gibt sechs Testmethoden, die eine Menge Auswahlmöglichkeiten für die Person vor Ort bieten. ( PT Sekundärmethode, Induktionsmethode, drahtlose Übertragungsmethode, eine einzige Stromsynchronisationsmethode, pt Sekundärsynchronisationsmethode) Theorie Blitzableitertest Theory - LA Tester Blitzableiter – Theorie Ein Blitzableiter ist ein Gerät, das in Stromversorgungssystemen und Telekommunikationssystemen zum Schutz der Isolierung verwendet wird. und Leiter des Systems vor den schädlichen Auswirkungen von Blitzen. Der typische Blitzableiter hat einen Hochspannungsanschluss und einen Masseanschluss. Wenn ein Blitzstoß (oder Schaltstoß) entlang der Stromleitung zum Ableiter wandert, wird der Strom von der Überspannung durch den Ableiter umgeleitet, in den meisten Fällen zur Erde. Wenn der Schutz versagt oder fehlt, bringt ein Blitz, der in das elektrische System einschlägt, Tausende von Kilovolt ein, die die Übertragungsleitungen beschädigen und auch schwere Schäden an Transformatoren und anderen elektrischen oder elektronischen Geräten verursachen können. Durch Blitze verursachte extreme Spannungsspitzen in eingehenden Stromleitungen können auch elektrische Haushaltsgeräte beschädigen, weshalb sie für die Integrität von Lightning Arrester verdammt wichtig sind. Derzeit wird die Überwachung des Gesamtleckstroms (kapazitive und ohmsche Ströme) von vielen Energieversorgern verwendet. Die Ableitstrom-Überwachungsgeräte werden verwendet, um den Ableitstrom von Überspannungsableitern zu messen, und im Falle eines hohen Ableitstroms werden Überspannungsableiter ausgetauscht. Es wird jedoch davon ausgegangen, dass diese Methode nicht die narrensichere Methode ist, da der gesamte Leckstrom, der rein kapazitiv ist, nicht genau den Zustand der Überspannungsableiter angibt. Es gab Fälle, in denen die Überspannungsableiter gesprengt haben, obwohl der Gesamtableitstrom unter dem vom Hersteller vorgeschriebenen Grenzwert lag. Der Widerstandsstrom macht 15–30 % des Gesamtstroms aus, und da kapazitive und Widerstandsströme eine Flächenverschiebung von 90 Grad aufweisen, führt selbst eine beträchtliche Änderung des Widerstandsstroms zu einer sehr geringen Erhöhung des Gesamtstroms. Daher zeigt die Überwachung des Gesamtleckstroms möglicherweise nicht wirklich die Verschlechterung der ZnO-Scheibe an. Die Verschlechterung einer langen linearen ZnO-Scheibe führt im Allgemeinen zu Oberwellen im Leckstrom, wenn eine Systemspannung mit Grundfrequenz angelegt wird. Die Messung des Widerstandsstroms der dritten Oberwelle basiert auf der Filterung der Komponente der dritten Oberwelle aus dem Gesamtleckstrom. Leckströme in der Größenordnung von etwa 500 Mikroampere werden allgemein als sicher angesehen. Der ohmsche Anteil des Ableitstroms oder der Verlustleistung kann mit den folgenden Methoden bestimmt werden: Verwendung eines Spannungssignals als Referenz Kompensation der kapazitiven Komponente durch Verwendung eines Spannungssignals Kapazitive Kompensation durch Zusammenfassung der Ableitströme der drei Phasen Harmonische Analyse dritter Ordnung Direkte Bestimmung der Verlustleistung Oberschwingungsanalyse dritter Ordnung mit Kompensation von Oberschwingungen in der Spannung Erweitertes Überwachungssystem mit „Widerstandsstrom“-Komponentenberechnungen. Die Verwendung fortschrittlicher Diagnosemethoden reduziert die Wahrscheinlichkeit eines Ausfalls erheblich und vermeidet somit den Verlust von Menschen und Geld. Es ist daher wünschenswert, den Zustand von Überspannungsableitern in regelmäßigen Zeitabständen zu überprüfen, indem die Widerstandskomponente des kontinuierlichen Leckstroms im Betrieb gemessen wird, ohne den Ableiter stromlos zu machen. Zuverlässige Messungen werden durch die Instrumente erzielt, die auf dem Prinzip „Spannungssignal“ als Referenz basieren . Die regelmäßige Überwachung von LA hat viele Ausfälle in 66-kV- bis 765-kV-Umspannwerken verhindert. Die Werte dieses Stroms reichen normalerweise von Bruchteilen von Milliampere bis zu einigen Milliampere und sind durch Widerstandsstromschwankungen gekennzeichnet, deren Wert ein Indikator für die Verschlechterung des Überspannungsableiters ist. Die Widerstandskomponente dieses Leckstroms kann aufgrund unterschiedlicher Belastungen zunehmen, was zu Alterung und schließlich zum Ausfall des Ableiters führt. Häufig gestellte Fragen (FAQ) FAQ about lightning arrester testing : 01 What is a lightning arrester, and why does it need testing? A lightning arrester (LA), also called a surge arrester, protects transformers, switchgear and lines from overvoltages caused by lightning and switching. It sits between the line and earth and, at normal voltage, passes only a tiny leakage current. When a surge arrives it conducts heavily for a moment, sends the surge to earth, then returns to its blocking state.An arrester can deteriorate for years without any visible sign. If it degrades far enough it can overheat and fail, sometimes violently, and it can take the equipment it was protecting with it. Testing finds a deteriorating arrester while there is still time to replace it at a planned outage. 02 Is there a difference between a lightning arrester and a surge arrester? In practice, no. "Lightning arrester" or "LA" is the everyday name in Indian substations, and "surge arrester" is the term used in IEC standards and by manufacturers. Both refer to the same device.Almost all arresters installed today are metal oxide surge arresters (MOSAs), built from a stack of zinc oxide (ZnO) blocks without spark gaps. Older gapped silicon carbide arresters still exist on some networks, but leakage current testing as described here is mainly used on metal oxide arresters. 03 What is thermal runaway in a surge arrester? Zinc oxide conducts more current as it gets hotter. In a healthy arrester the small heat produced at normal voltage escapes easily and the temperature stays stable.In a degraded arrester, more current flows, so more heat is produced. That heat raises the current further, which produces still more heat. If the heat produced outruns the heat the arrester can shed, the temperature climbs until the arrester fails. Rising resistive leakage current is the early sign that an arrester is moving towards this condition. 04 What is an LA tester? An LA tester, or lightning arrester tester, is an instrument for checking the condition of surge arresters. The most useful type for metal oxide arresters is the leakage current analyser: it measures the small current that flows through the arrester to earth at normal service voltage, and works out the resistive part of that current, which is the part that reveals deterioration.Because it works while the arrester stays energised, a leakage current analyser lets a utility check every arrester in a substation without any outage. 05 Why does a healthy lightning arrester leak current at all? A metal oxide arrester is connected between line and earth all the time. At normal operating voltage its zinc oxide blocks behave much like a capacitor, so a small current, usually of the order of a milliamp depending on the arrester's size, always flows to earth.That current has two parts:• A capacitive part, which leads the voltage by close to 90°. It is the larger part and does no harm.• A resistive part, in phase with the voltage. It is small in a healthy arrester and produces the heat.The two together make up the total leakage current.Picture filela-leakage-current-phasor-healthy-vs-aged.pngAlt textPhasor diagram of lightning arrester leakage current showing capacitive and resistive components for a healthy and an aged arresterCaptionTotal leakage current is the sum of a large capacitive part and a small resistive part. As the arrester ages, the resistive part grows. 06 Why is resistive leakage current more important than total leakage current? Because deterioration shows up in the resistive part. When an arrester ages or takes in moisture, its resistive current rises noticeably, while the capacitive current barely changes.The capacitive current is much larger, so it dominates the total. The total current can therefore look almost normal even when the resistive part has risen sharply. A test that reports only total current, like the milliamp meter on many surge counters, can miss a deteriorating arrester. A good LA tester separates out the resistive current. 07 What is the third harmonic method of lightning arrester testing? Zinc oxide is non-linear: its resistive current rises steeply near the peaks of the voltage. That makes the resistive current distorted rather than a clean sine wave, and the distortion appears mainly as a third harmonic (150 Hz on a 50 Hz system).The third harmonic method measures the third harmonic in the arrester's leakage current and uses it as an indicator of the resistive current. It is popular because it needs only a current measurement on the arrester's earth lead, with no voltage connection.Its weaknesses: the system voltage can contain third harmonic of its own, which also drives third harmonic current through the arrester and can push the reading too high or too low; and the relationship between third harmonic and resistive current depends on the arrester's design, so converting one to the other needs the manufacturer's data.Picture filela-leakage-current-waveforms.pngAlt textWaveforms of lightning arrester total leakage current and the distorted resistive current over one power cycleCaptionThe resistive current is small and distorted, peaking near the voltage peaks. That distortion produces third harmonic. 08 What is harmonic compensation in a surge arrester test, and why does it matter? Harmonic compensation corrects the measurement for harmonics present in the system voltage. To do it, the tester also measures a voltage reference, usually from the secondary of a nearby potential transformer (PT/VT). Knowing the actual voltage waveform, it can separate the resistive current caused by the arrester from current caused by distortion in the supply.Compensated measurements are more accurate and more repeatable than current-only measurements, especially in substations with significant harmonic distortion. They are the better choice for baseline readings and wherever the supply voltage carries significant harmonic distortion. 09 Can lightning arresters be tested without a shutdown? Yes. Leakage current testing is designed for energised arresters in normal service. The tester's current lead clips onto the arrester's earth lead or surge counter connection, at earth potential, using a hot stick. Any voltage reference comes from the low-voltage PT secondary or a field probe. Nothing connects to the high-voltage side.That is the main advantage of online testing: a whole substation can be checked in a day without any outage. 10 What is the difference between a surge counter and an KPM LA tester? A surge counter is fitted permanently in the arrester's earth lead and counts how many surges the arrester has discharged. Many also carry a milliamp meter showing total leakage current.An LA tester is a portable instrument that analyses the leakage current in detail, separating the resistive part, compensating for system harmonics and storing results.The surge counter's meter can warn of a large change, but because it shows total current it is not sensitive to early deterioration. Record the surge count with every LA test, so you can relate the arrester's condition to how many surges it has seen. 11 What conditions must an arrester meet for an online leakage current test? The arrester's leakage current has to flow to earth through one path you can measure. In practice:• The arrester stands on an insulated base (insulating feet or pedestal).• It is earthed through a single earth lead, often via a surge counter.An arrester bolted directly to an earthed structure, with no separate earth lead, leaks current to earth through the structure, and its leakage current cannot be measured this way.Picture filela-online-leakage-current-test-concept.pngAlt textConcept diagram of an online lightning arrester leakage current test with the arrester on an insulated base and a clamp on the earth leadCaptionOnline test concept: the arrester stands on an insulated base and its leakage current flows to earth through one lead, where the tester measures it. 12 What does the phase angle in a lightning arrester test tell you? The angle by which the leakage current leads the voltage shows how capacitive the current is. In a healthy arrester the current is almost entirely capacitive, so the angle is close to 90°. As the resistive part grows, the current moves towards being in phase with the voltage, and the angle falls.A falling angle on the same arrester over successive tests is another sign of rising resistive current. Read it alongside the resistive current itself. 13 Which standard applies to lightning arrester leakage current testing? IEC 60099-5, Surge arresters – Selection and application recommendations, gives guidance on monitoring and diagnosing metal oxide arresters in service, including leakage current measurement methods such as the third harmonic method and methods with harmonic compensation. Arrester design and type testing are covered by IEC 60099-4.When buying an LA tester, check that it uses the measurement methods described in IEC 60099-5.

Advanced partial discharge testing equipment by KPM for precise detection, insulation analysis, and condition monitoring of electrical assets. ONLINE-TE- UND ERDUNGSÜBERWACHUNG KPM PENTA PD (HAND HELD) View more Partial Discharge Detector Penta-PD is an ideal partner for condition-based maintenance programs. Partial Discharge Detector Penta-PD incorporates all 5 types of online PD sensor technology. Information from multiple sensors gives Partial Discharge Detector Penta-PD the versatility to detect various type PD in variety of substation apparatus. KPM PDM-01,Partial Discharge Monitor View more The KPM PDM-01 partial discharge detector stands out as a versatile digital tool within KPM's product range. Featuring a 10.1-inch touch screen, it replaces the traditional oscilloscope tube and physical knob operation, enhancing user convenience. The instrument employs a full touch screen interface, contributing to extended product longevity and incorporates useful features such as automatic correction, high voltage divider ratio settings, and serial communication for uploading test data. KPM PDTI Cable Termination Monitor View more The KPM PDTI system is deployed on primary switching equipment such as ring network switch cabinets, cable termination boxes, and transformer output cables etc. within the power distribution network. Its primary function is to conduct online monitoring of partial discharge, indicating potential short circuits and ground faults in corresponding cable sections, along with real-time temperature monitoring. KPM Corona Pointer View more KPM Corona Pointer is an ideal equipment for condition-based maintenance programs. Online partial discharge testing is a method of inspecting the insulation of electric power systems while equipment remains energized and in service. Corona Pointer is based on online Ultrasonic PD sensor technology. KPM Duo PD - Handheld PD monitoring system View more KPM Duo PD is a handheld partial discharge tester which uses the ultrasonic signal generated by partial discharge to determine the existence and location of partial discharge and combines the real-time displayed images and data to quickly diagnose partial discharge conditions. KPM PDA-01, Partial Discharge Monitor View more The KPM PDA-01 features a split, modular design, with the local discharge signal conditioning module, digital acquisition module, and test voltage acquisition module integrated into the instrument. The powerful local discharge test and analysis system software is installed on the host computer, which connects to the instrument via USB and RS232 serial ports. KPM PD Pulse-8, Online Partial Discharge Monitor View more KPM PD Pulse-8 partial discharge online monitoring device includes a modularly designed partial discharge sensor and a partial discharge data processing terminal. The partial discharge sensor can effectively monitor ultrasonic and transient earth voltage signals. Its sensors are a two-in-one integrated assembly that can be installed on the HV equipment. Häufig gestellte Fragen (FAQ) FAQ about Partial discharge : 01 What is partial discharge? Partial discharge (PD) is a small electrical spark that bridges only part of the insulation between two conductors at different voltages. The insulation as a whole still holds, but at one weak spot the local electric field is high enough to break down a tiny gap, a gas bubble or a surface path.Each discharge lasts a fraction of a microsecond and carries a minute charge. It repeats every power cycle, though, often thousands of times a second, and over months or years that repeated attack erodes the insulation around it. 02 Why is partial discharge dangerous for high-voltage equipment? Partial discharge is both a symptom and a cause. It shows that the insulation has a defect, and it makes that defect worse. Each discharge damages the material by heat, chemical attack and erosion, and the damaged region grows.In solid insulation, that can lead to electrical treeing and eventually a full breakdown: a flashover or fault that can destroy switchgear, a cable joint or a transformer and cause an unplanned outage. Partial discharge is one of the most common forms of deterioration in medium- and high-voltage insulation, so finding it early is one of the most effective ways to prevent failures. 03 Where does partial discharge occur in electrical equipment? • Internal discharge: in voids, cracks or delaminations inside solid insulation such as cast resin, cable insulation or bushings.• Surface discharge: along an insulating surface that is contaminated, damp or overstressed, for example on bushings, terminations and insulator surfaces inside switchgear.• Corona: in air or gas around sharp edges and points at high voltage.• Floating potential: from a metal part that has lost its connection and charges up to an intermediate voltage.• Free particles: loose metal particles moving in gas-insulated equipment.Each type produces a characteristic pattern relative to the power-frequency voltage, which is how an experienced analyst tells them apart. 04 What is the difference between partial discharge and corona? Corona is one type of partial discharge: discharge in air or gas around a sharp conductor at high voltage, with no solid insulation involved. On overhead lines and in outdoor substations some corona is normal and often harmless, apart from radio interference and power loss.Partial discharge is the wider term. It also covers discharge inside solid insulation and along insulating surfaces, which is much more damaging. Telling corona apart from internal or surface discharge is an important part of interpreting any PD test. 05 What is the difference between online and offline partial discharge testing? Online testing is done with the equipment energised and in normal service. Sensors pick up the signals that partial discharge sends out, with no outage and no extra high-voltage supply. It is ideal for surveys and condition monitoring.Offline testing is done with the equipment disconnected and energised from a separate test source. It allows the voltage to be controlled and the discharge to be measured in calibrated units, which is why it is used for factory acceptance tests and detailed diagnostics. It needs an outage and more equipment. 06 What is IEC 60270 partial discharge measurement? IEC 60270 is the international standard for the conventional, electrical measurement of partial discharge. It uses a coupling capacitor and a measuring circuit, calibrated by injecting a known charge, and reports the apparent charge of the discharges in picocoulombs (pC).It is the method used in factory acceptance tests and in equipment standards that set a pC limit. Most portable online PD testers use non-conventional methods instead (electromagnetic and acoustic sensors, covered in IEC TS 62478), which do not give a pC value but can test equipment in service. 07 How is partial discharge detected? A partial discharge releases energy in several forms, and each can be detected:• An electromagnetic pulse, picked up as transient earth voltage (TEV) on metal enclosures, or as UHF radio waves.• Sound, mostly ultrasonic, picked up through the air or through the enclosure wall.• A current pulse flowing to earth, picked up with a high-frequency current transformer (HFCT) on an earth connection.• Light, heat and chemical by-products, used in some specialised methods.The best method depends on the equipment and on which of these signals can reach the outside of it.Picture filepd-signals-and-detection-methods.pngAlt textDiagram of the signals a partial discharge gives off and the sensor that detects each: TEV, ultrasonic, UHF and HFCTCaptionOne discharge, four kinds of signal, four ways to detect it. 08 What is KPMs TEV (transient earth voltage) partial discharge testing? When partial discharge occurs inside metal-clad switchgear, it sends out a fast electromagnetic pulse. Most of it stays inside the metal enclosure, but some escapes through joints, gaskets and openings and induces a very short voltage pulse on the outer surface of the enclosure. That pulse is the transient earth voltage.A TEV sensor is a capacitive probe held against the outside of the panel. TEV testing is quick, needs no outage and is one of the main methods for surveying medium-voltage switchgear and ring main units. 09 What is KPMs UHF partial discharge detection? Partial discharge in gas or solid insulation produces extremely fast current pulses, with rise times of around a nanosecond, which radiate electromagnetic waves up into the ultra-high-frequency range, from hundreds of megahertz to a few gigahertz.UHF sensors pick up these signals. The method is widely used for gas-insulated switchgear (GIS), where sensors are placed at insulating spacers or inspection windows, and for transformers fitted with UHF sensor ports. Working at these frequencies avoids most corona in air and low-frequency noise, although radio sources in the same band, such as mobile phones and Wi-Fi, can still interfere. 10 How is partial discharge detected in power cables? Along most of a cable's length, metal screens, armour and burial stop electromagnetic and acoustic signals from being picked up outside. A discharge does, however, send current pulses along the cable screen to earth. (At terminations inside switchgear and at exposed cable boxes, TEV, ultrasonic and UHF sensors can also help.)A high-frequency current transformer (HFCT), a clamp-on sensor, placed around the earth connection of a cable termination or joint picks up those pulses. Online cable PD testing with HFCTs is common at terminations, in substations and at link boxes. 11 Is a handheld partial discharge tester the same as continuous PD monitoring? No. A handheld PD tester gives a snapshot: an engineer visits, measures and records. It is ideal for surveying many assets quickly and checking equipment periodically.Continuous monitoring uses permanently installed sensors and records partial discharge all the time. It is used on critical or known-suspect assets where activity may come and go with load, temperature or humidity.Many asset owners combine them: periodic handheld surveys across the network, and continuous monitoring where a survey finds something worth watching closely. 12 Why measure background levels before a KPM partial discharge test? Every PD reading has to be judged against the background: the signal level present even where there is no discharge. A high background can hide real discharge, or make a healthy panel look suspect.Electromagnetic interference affects TEV and UHF readings, and other noise sources affect ultrasonic readings. Measuring the background first tells you how much of each reading is genuine, and whether conditions are good enough to test at all. 13 Does humidity or temperature affect partial discharge readings? Yes. Surface discharge in particular is strongly affected by humidity and condensation: it can be active on a damp morning and quiet in the afternoon. Load and temperature also change discharge activity in cables and transformers.Always record the ambient conditions with every test, and compare surveys taken in similar conditions where possible. Discharge that appears only in damp weather still points to a real problem, often surface contamination or poor sealing. 14 What is a PRPD pattern? A PRPD (phase-resolved partial discharge) pattern plots each detected discharge pulse by its amplitude and by the point in the power-frequency cycle (0° to 360°) at which it occurred, accumulated over many cycles.Different defects discharge at characteristic points in the voltage cycle, so the shape of the pattern is a fingerprint. Internal discharge, surface discharge, corona and floating parts each tend to produce a recognisable pattern, while most random noise does not line up with the voltage cycle. Interference from power electronics is an exception: it is locked to the supply and appears at fixed points in the cycle, so it has to be recognised and excluded. PRPD analysis is the standard way of identifying what kind of discharge is present.Picture filepd-idealised-prpd-patterns.pngAlt textIdealised textbook sketches of phase-resolved partial discharge (PRPD) patterns for internal discharge, corona and noiseCaptionSimplified textbook sketches, not instrument screens. Real patterns vary with the equipment and the measurement. 15 What do dB, dBmV and dBµV mean in KPM partial discharge testing? Partial discharge signals vary over a very wide range, so many instruments show them on a logarithmic decibel (dB) scale.• dBmV is relative to 1 millivolt, often used for TEV readings. UHF readings are often given in dBm, relative to 1 milliwatt.• dBµV is relative to 1 microvolt, often used for ultrasonic readings.Every 20 dB is a tenfold increase in signal amplitude, so a reading 20 dB higher than another is ten times larger, and 40 dB higher is a hundred times larger. FAQ about Monitoring testing : 01 What is the use of online partial discharge (PD) monitoring of panels using TEV and contact ultrasonic methods? Online partial discharge monitoring of medium-voltage and high-voltage panels using TEV (Transient Earth Voltage) and contact ultrasonic methods is used to detect and localize internal insulation defects and surface discharges without shutting down the equipment. Here's how each method contributes: 1. TEV (Transient Earth Voltage) Method Use: Detects internal PD activity, especially within air-insulated switchgear (AIS) and cable terminations inside metal-clad panels. How it works? When PD occurs inside enclosed metal-clad gear, it emits fast-rising electromagnetic pulses that induce transient voltages on the metal surfaces. TEV sensors pick up these signals from outside the panel. Benefit: Non-invasive, detects internal voids, tracking, and corona effects. 2. Contact Ultrasonic Method Use: Detects surface discharges, such as corona or tracking, which emit high-frequency acoustic signals. How it works? A piezoelectric sensor placed on the panel surface detects ultrasonic noise generated by PD activity, even through the enclosure. Benefit: Helps locate poor insulation, loose connections, or contamination issues causing discharge on the surface. Combined Use – Why It Matters? Using both TEV and ultrasonic methods together enhances diagnostic accuracy: TEV gives insight into internal discharge severity and location. Ultrasonic confirms surface or near-surface PD sources and allows cross-verification. This dual-method approach is vital for: Preventive maintenance, Avoiding insulation failures, Improving switchgear reliability, and Extending equipment life without needing shutdowns.

KPM ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS is electrical test equipment provider with strong support. Our solutions are Relay Test Kit, CT/PT Analyzer, Oil BDV, Tan delta , Circuit Breaker Analyzer, LA Testing,Partial Discharge Test Kit, Thermal Imager Camera, PIK, SIK, AC/DC HIPOT. Visit us @ www.kpmtek.com ÜBER KPM Bei KPM sind wir in den Bereichen Fertigung, Mehrwerthandel und Beratungsdienste tätig. Wir arbeiten mit weltweit führenden Forschungs- und Entwicklungs- und Produktionshäusern auf der ganzen Welt zusammen, um unseren geschätzten Kunden die besten und zuverlässigsten Lösungen vor die Haustür zu bringen. Seit 1992 ist KPM Engineering Solutions ein a führendes Unternehmen in der Elektroberatung und , das sowohl an Führung als auch an Entwicklung beteiligt ist. Wir sind stolz darauf, mit innovativen Ideen, bahnbrechender Technologie und Transparenz den Weg in eine effizientere Zukunft zu weisen. Wir haben an Dutzenden von Projekten mit dem Ziel gearbeitet, innovative technische Lösungen bereitzustellen. Wir sind eine Gruppe von Technokraten mit umfassender Verkaufs- und Anwendungserfahrung sowohl in der Hochspannungs- als auch in der Niederspannungs-Elektro-T & M-Industrie. Als genetisches Beratungsunternehmen für Elektrotechnik bieten wir unseren geschätzten Kunden Design- und Fehlerbehebungsdienste an für die letzten 1,5 Jahrzehnte. Unsere Beratung hat ein breites Kundenspektrum bedient, darunter Industrie, Krankenhäuser, Wohnanlagen, Bildungseinrichtungen, Dammprojekte usw. Bei KPM sind wir bestrebt, unseren Kunden präzise Ausrüstung für die richtige T & M-Anwendung bereitzustellen und dann als erster Ansprechpartner zu fungieren für jede Unterstützung im Zusammenhang mit dem Produkt . Bei Bedarf bietet unsere T&M-Abteilung und unsere Beratungsabteilung Mehrwertdienste wie Ergebnisinterpretation und Ursachenanalyse für DUT-Ausfälle (Device Under Test) an. In Kontakt kommen Our Team. Our team is a fantastic mix of experienced and mid-level professionals who work together like a well-oiled machine. They bring a blend of wisdom and fresh ideas to the table, making them unstoppable as they tackle any challenge that comes their way. S.C.Sharma - Chairperson M.Tech. Elec. HBTI Kanpur , 1985 B.Tech. Elec. MNREC, Allahabad, 1974 S.C Sharma is an experienced electrical engineer with technical consultancy background of 40+ years. His guidance is followed by KPM at policy & administrative level Pankaj Modi - Country Sales Head BE Electrical, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, 2004 Pankaj is a seasoned sales professional with almost 20 years of experience in the testing & measuring equipment , automation, and Industry 4.0, IOT solutions industry. He is managing sales of KPM products at all India level. He is supported by the team of techno-sales engineers Kunal Sharma - Sr Tech. Consultant M.Sc. Electrical, Warsaw University of Technology - Poland , 2024 B.E Electrical, MDU India, 2006 Kunal is a seasoned techno sales professional with 15+ years of experience in sales, application and technical support to power utility customers all across the globe. He was recently granted his M.Sc. with final research thesis on "partial discharge measurement techniques" . Kunal is responsible for customer's technical satisfaction and is supported by the team of techno-sales engineers He is also responsible for KPM's technology tieups all across the globe. KPM Promotes Lifelong Learning: Sr. Consultant Achieves Master's in Electrical Engineering We are delighted to announce that our Sr. Consultant Mr. Kunal Sharma has completed his Master's in Electrical Engineering, with a distinguished project on "Methods for Measurement and Detection of Partial Discharge." from Warsaw University Of Technology , Poland. This significant achievement highlights his dedication and expertise in the field. Anchor 1 UNSERE FACHKOMPETENZ IST IHR VORTEIL

KPM India |We are electrical test equipment manufacturers, We deal in CT PT Analyzer, Relay Test Kit , Tan delta , Transformer Test Kits , LA Testers etc.|test |https://kpmtek.wixsite.com/website/de/about-1 Heading 1 Heading 2 Heading 3 Heading 4 I'm a paragraph. Click here to add your own text and edit me. It's easy. I'm a paragraph. Click here to add your own text and edit me. It's easy. Maximum ROI

Benefiting world with INDO-EU partnerships, We are working in 1) Electrical t & m equipment 2) OEM services for Made In India electrical equipment 3) Sales & Purchase of Used / New M/Cs ( EU Origin ) all across the world . for detail visit us on http://www.kpmtek.eu MADE IN INDIA - OEM SERVICES CT , PT , Metering Cubicle , Isolators etc. TECH TIEUPS - POWER SECTOR Electrical Testing & Monitoring Solutions NEW / USED MACHINES - EU Printing M/C, Paper Converting M/C. etc. BENEFITING WORLD WITH INDO-EU OEM-SERVICES FÜR MESSTRANSFORMATOREN ( BIS ZU 33KV ) Wir bieten OEM-Services für Kunden aus der EU-Region for Messwandler (Öl- und Harzguss, bis zu 33 kV), Isolatoren, Messschränke und Zubehör für Übertragungsleitungen. Alle unsere Produkte werden in hochmodernen Anlagen in INDIEN hergestellt, wobei die Qualität auf höchstem Niveau gehalten wird . Jedes vom KPM-Team versandte Gerät wird gemäß den IEC-Werkstestanforderungen getestet . Messwandler & Zubehör Mfg. - WELLMAN INDIEN +48 539438443 sales@kpmtek.eu CT PT OEM GEBRAUCHTE MASCHINEN AUS EU-REGION Sind Sie ein Unternehmen, das bereit ist, gebrauchte, zuverlässige europäische Technologiemaschinen aus der EU-Region zu kaufen? Aus diesem Grund sind wir die erste Wahl für Kunden wie Sie ! Wir sind ein indisches Unternehmen, das sich mit der Lieferung hochwertiger alter Maschinen aus der EU-Region bis der Region des indischen Subkontinents befasst. Unsere Industrieabteilung Deals in einer umfangreichen Reihe von Flexo- und Offsetdruckmaschinen Papierverarbeitungsmaschinen, Vorrichtungen und Vorrichtungen Spezialmaschinen. Unsere technischen Berater sind ständig in der EU-Region stationiert und bieten Qualitätsprüfungsdienste von Grund auf für gebrauchte Maschinen. Unsere Experten überwachen den Demontageprozess bis zur Ladephase . In Indien haben wir ein erfahrenes Team für die effiziente Inbetriebnahme & Fehlerbehebung der gelieferten Maschinen. Jede von uns gelieferte Maschine wird durch eine 1-Jahres-Garantie in der INDISCHEN SUBKONTINENT-REGION unterstützt Kontaktieren Sie uns noch heute und besprechen Sie die Maschinen, die Sie suchen ! SUPPORTPARTNER FÜR INDIEN – WEBTECH, ein hochwertiger Hersteller von Druck, Papierverarbeitung und SPM . +48 539438443 sales@kpmtek.eu Anfrageformular Lösungen für den Energiesektor Technologie- und Unternehmensbindungen KPM verfügt über umfassende Vertriebs- und Anwendungserfahrung sowohl im Bereich elektrischer Prüf- und Messgeräte für Hochspannung als auch für Niederspannung. Jede von KPM Engineering gelieferte Ausrüstung hat sich unter Feldbedingungen bewährt. Unsere Prüfgeräte für Umspannwerke werden unter lauten Bedingungen von LIVE EHV-UHV-Schaltanlagen (bis zu 765 kV) getestet Wir sind aktiv offen für Diskussionen und suchen nach Corporate & Technical Verbindungen unter den Zeilen -: Ein Forschungs- und Designunternehmen mit einer Lösung für den Energiesektor, das nach technischen Verbindungen sucht . Ein Benutzer/Distributor, der bereit ist, die bestehenden Test- und Überwachungslösungen von KPM in der EU-Region . zu verkaufen/kaufen Investoren und Mitarbeiter +48 539438443 sales@kpmtek.eu USED MACHINES POWER SECTOR TIEUPS

KPM ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS is an electrical test equipment provider with strong support. Our solutions are Relay Test Kit, CT/PT Analyzer, Oil BDV, Transformer Testing, Circuit Breaker Testing, LA Testing, Ground Testing, Partial Discharge Testing, Thermal Imager Camera, PIK, SIK, AC/DC HIPOT. KONTAKT KPM Gurgaon Office : Telefonnummer: +91 124 4001088, Email : sales@kpmtek.com _cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b- 136bad5cf58d_ ( Vertriebs- und Servicezentrum ) Bangalore Office : Phone Number : +91 8123950553, Email : blr@kpmtek.com _cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b -136bad5cf58d_ _cc781905-5cde -3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ ( Vertriebs- und Servicezentrum ) EU Contact _cc781905-5cde-3194 -bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ : Phone Number :+48 539438443 , Email : sales@kpmtek.com _cc781905-5cde-3194 -bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ _cc781905 -5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ ( Vertrieb und technischer Support )

Kindly fill this form as per your technical requirements , We have complete range of Battery Testing Solutions for Utility , EV Industry & Portable Li Ion batteries Applications . Li Ion Battery - Charging ,Discharging and Equalisation Lead Acid Battery - Discharging Solutions Battery Monitoring Solutions Used German Machines – Proven Reliability, Delivered by KPM At KPM, we bring these machines directly to international buyers with a unique advantage: We have a permanent electrical consultant stationed in Germany, enabling us to source the best used machines from trusted sellers across Germany and the EU. Our approach ensures: Direct procurement from authentic sources Initial inspection as per international industry standards Live video inspection for transparency and buyer confidence Final inspection at the seller’s site before dispatch to India Maximum reliability and value in every machine delivered Whether you're in metalworking, plastics, power sector testing, or process automation, our team ensures that you receive tried, tested, and trusted machinery—not just equipment, but a solution. Get in touch with KPM to know what’s available in the European market right now. Why buy new when you can buy proven? A used machine, if purchased judiciously, is not just a cost-effective choice—it’s a proven performer. Across industries, German-made machines are globally recognized for their rugged construction, precision engineering, and long-term reliability. Request form KPM Assurance Framework Häufig gestellte Fragen 01 Metalworking & Fabrication Machinery :- Top German/European Brands: DMG MORI (Germany/Japan) – CNC turning/milling centers . TRUMPF (Germany) – Laser cutting, bending machines . EMAG, INDEX, GILDEMEISTER – Lathes, turn-mill centers . Bystronic (Switzerland) – Sheet metal and laser cutting. Amada (Europe) – Press brakes, punching systems 02 Plastic & Rubber Processing Machines :- Top Brands: ARBURG (Germany) – Injection moulding. ENGEL (Austria) – Injection moulding. KRAUSSMAFFEI (Germany) – Plastic & rubber machines DEMAG Plastics Group – Injection moulding. BOY (Germany) – Compact moulding machines. 03 Printing & Packaging Machinery :- Top Brands: HEIDELBERG (Germany) – Offset printing KBA (Koenig & Bauer) – Sheetfed & web printing BOBST (Switzerland) – Die cutting, folder-gluers Windmöller & Hölscher (W&H) – Flexographic printing MAN Roland – Newspaper and offset printing 04 Pharmaceutical, Chemical & Process Equipment :- Top Brands: Glatt (Germany) – Fluid bed systems, granulators GEA (Germany) – Process engineering, mixers FETTE (Germany) – Tablet presses IMA (Italy) – Packaging & pharma lines Hosokawa Alpine (Germany) – Powder & particle processing 05 Woodworking Machines :- Top Brands: HOMAG Group (Germany) – CNC routers, edgebanders BIESSE (Italy) – CNC machining centers SCM Group (Italy) – Panel saws, joinery machines Altendorf (Germany) – Panel saws 06 Construction & Heavy Machinery :- Top Brands: LIEBHERR (Germany) – Cranes, earthmovers WIRTGEN Group (Germany) – Road construction machines BOMAG (Germany) – Rollers, pavers MAN (Germany) – Trucks, concrete mixers 07 Food & Beverage Machinery:- Top Brands: Krones AG (Germany) – Bottling, filling lines GEA (Germany) – Dairy, juice, beer lines ALFA LAVAL (Sweden) – Heat exchangers, separators Tetra Pak (Sweden) – Packaging and UHT Multivac (Germany) – Vacuum packaging 08 Industrial Automation & Robotics:- Top Brands: KUKA (Germany) – Industrial robots ABB Robotics (Switzerland) – Welding, pick & place FANUC Europe (Japan with EU operations) – CNC/robotics STÄUBLI (Switzerland) – High-speed robotics YASKAWA Europe – Motion control and robotics 09 Generators, Power & Electrical Plants:- Top Brands: Siemens Energy (Germany) – Turbines, generators MAN Energy Solutions – Large engines and gensets MTU (Rolls-Royce Power Systems) – Diesel generators AEG Power Solutions (Germany) – Power electronics HITZINGER (Austria) – Rotary UPS, alternators 10 Key Categories of Used Printing Machines: 1. Offset Printing Machines Used for high-volume, high-quality printing (books, magazines, brochures, packaging).Sheet-fed Offset. Brands: Heidelberg (e.g., SM 74, CD 102 series) KBA (Koenig & Bauer) MAN Roland Features: 2 to 8 color units, high-speed (up to 18,000 sheets/hr) Use: Commercial printing, packaging, brochures Web-fed Offset Used for newspapers and long-run publications Brands: Goss, Manroland Web Systems. 2. Flexographic Printing Machines: Used for packaging materials: labels, bags, pouches, corrugated cartons. Brands: Windmöller & Hölscher (W&H) Bobst Comexi (Spain) Printing Substrates: Plastic film, paper, foil, etc. Feature: Roll-to-roll printing, quick-drying inks 3. Gravure Printing Machines: Used for high-quality, long-run packaging printing (magazines, foils). Brands: Rotomec (Italy) Cerutti (Italy) KBA (Germany) 4. Label Printing Machines Ideal for self-adhesive labels, shrink sleeves, and narrow web printing. Brands: Gallus (Switzerland) Mark Andy Nilpeter OMET (Italy) Technologies: Flexo, UV flexo, digital hybrid 5. Digital Printing Machines: For short-run, fast-turnaround jobs (variable data, photos, small runs). Brand: HP Indigo Digital Printing Machines Konica Minolta Xerox Canon Applications: Book-on-demand, labels, business cards 6. Screen Printing Machines Used for textiles, labels, circuit boards, and special surfaces. Brands: Sakurai ATMA Thierry (Germany) 7. Other Auxiliary Machines Cutting Machines: Polar (Germany), Wohlenberg Cutting Machines: Polar (Germany), Wohlenberg Die-Cutting / Folder-Gluers: Bobst, Heidelberg UV Coaters, Embossers

KPM India |We are electrical test equipment manufacturers, We deal in CT PT Analyzer, Relay Test Kit , Tan delta , Transformer Test Kits , LA Testers etc.|PD DEMO |https://kpmtek.wixsite.com/website/de/pd-demo Live PD Dashboard

Advanced monitoring solutions by KPM for real-time system monitoring, diagnostics, and performance analysis in industrial applications. ONLINE-TE- UND ERDUNGSÜBERWACHUNG Penta PD - Teilentladungsdetektor Mehr wissen Penta PD Teilentladungsdetektor Teilentladungsdetektor Penta-PD ist ein idealer Partner für zustandsbasierte Wartungsprogramme. Teilentladungsdetektor Penta-PD enthält alle 5 Arten von Online-PD-Sensortechnologie. Informationen von mehreren Sensoren verleihen dem Teilentladungsdetektor Penta-PD die Vielseitigkeit, verschiedene Arten von TE in einer Vielzahl von Umspannwerksgeräten zu erkennen. Erkennungsbandbreite 1.TEV - Transiente Erdspannung, Bereich 3 ~ 100 MHz 2.UHF – Ultrahochfrequenz 300MHz～2000 MHz 3.UA – Ultraschall 40 ～ 200 KHz Messbereich 1.UA: -90~80dB 2. TEV: -80 ~ 10 dBm 3. UHF: -80 ~ 10 dBm. Sensor: a) Ultraschallsensor: 20~200 (kHz); b) EV-Sensor (Transient Earth Voltage): 5 ~ 100 MHz; c) UHF-Sensor: 300 ~ 2000 (MHz), mit gerichteter Empfangscharakteristik. Penta PD - Teilentladungsdetektor Mehr wissen Penta PD Teilentladungsdetektor Teilentladungsdetektor Penta-PD ist ein idealer Partner für zustandsbasierte Wartungsprogramme. Teilentladungsdetektor Penta-PD enthält alle 5 Arten von Online-PD-Sensortechnologie. Informationen von mehreren Sensoren verleihen dem Teilentladungsdetektor Penta-PD die Vielseitigkeit, verschiedene Arten von TE in einer Vielzahl von Umspannwerksgeräten zu erkennen. Erkennungsbandbreite 1.TEV - Transiente Erdspannung, Bereich 3 ~ 100 MHz 2.UHF – Ultrahochfrequenz 300MHz～2000 MHz 3.UA – Ultraschall 40 ～ 200 KHz Messbereich 1.UA: -90~80dB 2. TEV: -80 ~ 10 dBm 3. UHF: -80 ~ 10 dBm. Sensor: a) Ultraschallsensor: 20~200 (kHz); b) EV-Sensor (Transient Earth Voltage): 5 ~ 100 MHz; c) UHF-Sensor: 300 ~ 2000 (MHz), mit gerichteter Empfangscharakteristik. PQ-Analysator Light Mehr wissen Modell KPM PQ Light 1) Produktkomponententyp Mehrphasiger Hand-Leistungsmesser 2) Phasenbezeichnung 3PH4W (ohne In) 3PH3W 1PH2W (LN); 1PH2W(LL);1PH3W(LLN) 3. Geräteanwendung • Leistungsanalyse • Energiezähler 4. Eingangstyp • Externe Rogowski-Spule • Externer Stromwandler (nur 333 mV) 5. Anzeige 3,5-Zoll-TFT-Bildschirmanzeige 6. Abtastrate 8.000 Abtastungen pro Sekunde 7. Harmonische 52. Max 8. Mechanische Eigenschaften • Gewicht 350 g • Maße L x B x T: 21,5 x 10 x 3,5 cm PQ-Analysator + Mehr wissen Modell KPM PQ Light 1) Produktkomponententyp Mehrphasiger Hand-Leistungsmesser 2) Phasenbeschreibung 3PH4W (mit In) 3PH3W 1PH2W (LN); 1PH2W(LL);1PH3W(LLN) 3. Geräteanwendung • Leistungsanalyse • Energiezähler 4. Eingangstyp • Externe Rogowski-Spule • Externer Stromwandler (nur 333 mV) 5. Anzeige 3,5-Zoll-TFT-Bildschirmanzeige 6. Abtastrate 8.000 Abtastungen pro Sekunde 7. Harmonische 52. Max 8. PC-Konnektivität 8. Mechanische Eigenschaften • Gewicht 350 g • Maße L x B x T: 21,5 x 10 x 3,5 cm PQ-Analysator + Mehr wissen Modell KPM PQ Light 1) Produktkomponententyp Mehrphasiger Hand-Leistungsmesser 2) Phasenbeschreibung 3PH4W (mit In) 3PH3W 1PH2W (LN); 1PH2W(LL);1PH3W(LLN) 3. Geräteanwendung • Leistungsanalyse • Energiezähler 4. Eingangstyp • Externe Rogowski-Spule • Externer Stromwandler (nur 333 mV) 5. Anzeige 3,5-Zoll-TFT-Bildschirmanzeige 6. Abtastrate 8.000 Abtastungen pro Sekunde 7. Harmonische 52. Max 8. PC-Konnektivität 8. Mechanische Eigenschaften • Gewicht 350 g • Maße L x B x T: 21,5 x 10 x 3,5 cm Penta PD - Teilentladungsdetektor Mehr wissen Penta PD Teilentladungsdetektor Teilentladungsdetektor Penta-PD ist ein idealer Partner für zustandsbasierte Wartungsprogramme. Teilentladungsdetektor Penta-PD enthält alle 5 Arten von Online-PD-Sensortechnologie. Informationen von mehreren Sensoren verleihen dem Teilentladungsdetektor Penta-PD die Vielseitigkeit, verschiedene Arten von TE in einer Vielzahl von Umspannwerksgeräten zu erkennen. Erkennungsbandbreite 1.TEV - Transiente Erdspannung, Bereich 3 ~ 100 MHz 2.UHF – Ultrahochfrequenz 300MHz～2000 MHz 3.UA – Ultraschall 40 ～ 200 KHz Messbereich 1.UA: -90~80dB 2. TEV: -80 ~ 10 dBm 3. UHF: -80 ~ 10 dBm. Sensor: a) Ultraschallsensor: 20~200 (kHz); b) EV-Sensor (Transient Earth Voltage): 5 ~ 100 MHz; c) UHF-Sensor: 300 ~ 2000 (MHz), mit gerichteter Empfangscharakteristik. Penta PD - Teilentladungsdetektor Mehr wissen Penta PD Teilentladungsdetektor Teilentladungsdetektor Penta-PD ist ein idealer Partner für zustandsbasierte Wartungsprogramme. Teilentladungsdetektor Penta-PD enthält alle 5 Arten von Online-PD-Sensortechnologie. Informationen von mehreren Sensoren verleihen dem Teilentladungsdetektor Penta-PD die Vielseitigkeit, verschiedene Arten von TE in einer Vielzahl von Umspannwerksgeräten zu erkennen. Erkennungsbandbreite 1.TEV - Transiente Erdspannung, Bereich 3 ~ 100 MHz 2.UHF – Ultrahochfrequenz 300MHz～2000 MHz 3.UA – Ultraschall 40 ～ 200 KHz Messbereich 1.UA: -90~80dB 2. TEV: -80 ~ 10 dBm 3. UHF: -80 ~ 10 dBm. Sensor: a) Ultraschallsensor: 20~200 (kHz); b) EV-Sensor (Transient Earth Voltage): 5 ~ 100 MHz; c) UHF-Sensor: 300 ~ 2000 (MHz), mit gerichteter Empfangscharakteristik. PQ-Analysator + Mehr wissen Modell KPM PQ Light 1) Produktkomponententyp Mehrphasiger Hand-Leistungsmesser 2) Phasenbeschreibung 3PH4W (mit In) 3PH3W 1PH2W (LN); 1PH2W(LL);1PH3W(LLN) 3. Geräteanwendung • Leistungsanalyse • Energiezähler 4. Eingangstyp • Externe Rogowski-Spule • Externer Stromwandler (nur 333 mV) 5. Anzeige 3,5-Zoll-TFT-Bildschirmanzeige 6. Abtastrate 8.000 Abtastungen pro Sekunde 7. Harmonische 52. Max 8. PC-Konnektivität 8. Mechanische Eigenschaften • Gewicht 350 g • Maße L x B x T: 21,5 x 10 x 3,5 cm PQ-Analysator + Mehr wissen Modell KPM PQ Light 1) Produktkomponententyp Mehrphasiger Hand-Leistungsmesser 2) Phasenbeschreibung 3PH4W (mit In) 3PH3W 1PH2W (LN); 1PH2W(LL);1PH3W(LLN) 3. Geräteanwendung • Leistungsanalyse • Energiezähler 4. Eingangstyp • Externe Rogowski-Spule • Externer Stromwandler (nur 333 mV) 5. Anzeige 3,5-Zoll-TFT-Bildschirmanzeige 6. Abtastrate 8.000 Abtastungen pro Sekunde 7. Harmonische 52. Max 8. PC-Konnektivität 8. Mechanische Eigenschaften • Gewicht 350 g • Maße L x B x T: 21,5 x 10 x 3,5 cm PQ-Analysator + Mehr wissen Modell KPM PQ Light 1) Produktkomponententyp Mehrphasiger Hand-Leistungsmesser 2) Phasenbeschreibung 3PH4W (mit In) 3PH3W 1PH2W (LN); 1PH2W(LL);1PH3W(LLN) 3. Geräteanwendung • Leistungsanalyse • Energiezähler 4. Eingangstyp • Externe Rogowski-Spule • Externer Stromwandler (nur 333 mV) 5. Anzeige 3,5-Zoll-TFT-Bildschirmanzeige 6. Abtastrate 8.000 Abtastungen pro Sekunde 7. Harmonische 52. Max 8. PC-Konnektivität 8. Mechanische Eigenschaften • Gewicht 350 g • Maße L x B x T: 21,5 x 10 x 3,5 cm Häufig gestellte Fragen (FAQ) FAQ about Monitoring testing : 01 What is the use of online partial discharge (PD) monitoring of panels using TEV and contact ultrasonic methods? Online partial discharge monitoring of medium-voltage and high-voltage panels using TEV (Transient Earth Voltage) and contact ultrasonic methods is used to detect and localize internal insulation defects and surface discharges without shutting down the equipment. Here's how each method contributes: 1. TEV (Transient Earth Voltage) Method Use: Detects internal PD activity, especially within air-insulated switchgear (AIS) and cable terminations inside metal-clad panels. How it works? When PD occurs inside enclosed metal-clad gear, it emits fast-rising electromagnetic pulses that induce transient voltages on the metal surfaces. TEV sensors pick up these signals from outside the panel. Benefit: Non-invasive, detects internal voids, tracking, and corona effects. 2. Contact Ultrasonic Method Use: Detects surface discharges, such as corona or tracking, which emit high-frequency acoustic signals. How it works? A piezoelectric sensor placed on the panel surface detects ultrasonic noise generated by PD activity, even through the enclosure. Benefit: Helps locate poor insulation, loose connections, or contamination issues causing discharge on the surface. Combined Use – Why It Matters? Using both TEV and ultrasonic methods together enhances diagnostic accuracy: TEV gives insight into internal discharge severity and location. Ultrasonic confirms surface or near-surface PD sources and allows cross-verification. This dual-method approach is vital for: Preventive maintenance, Avoiding insulation failures, Improving switchgear reliability, and Extending equipment life without needing shutdowns.

KPM capacitive voltage divider is used for HV measurement in Partial Discharge Testing and High Voltage Testing| KPM's Capacitive Voltage Dividers are rugged , accurate and of high quality . |https://www.kpmtek.com/capacitive-voltage-divider Kapazitiver Spannungsteiler (nicht PD)