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KPM's Partial discharge range of equipment are as below -: 1) Hand Held PD monitoring units used by electrical maintenance & repair professionals. 2) HV laboratory PD Monitoring Systems used by manufacturers 3) Online PD monitoring facilities used for PD monitoring of critical PD Resources ÇEVRİMİÇİ PD & TOPRAK İZLEME KPM PENTA PD (HAND HELD) View more Partial Discharge Detector Penta-PD is an ideal partner for condition-based maintenance programs. Partial Discharge Detector Penta-PD incorporates all 5 types of online PD sensor technology. Information from multiple sensors gives Partial Discharge Detector Penta-PD the versatility to detect various type PD in variety of substation apparatus. KPM PDM-01,Partial Discharge Monitor View more The KPM PDM-01 partial discharge detector stands out as a versatile digital tool within KPM's product range. Featuring a 10.1-inch touch screen, it replaces the traditional oscilloscope tube and physical knob operation, enhancing user convenience. The instrument employs a full touch screen interface, contributing to extended product longevity and incorporates useful features such as automatic correction, high voltage divider ratio settings, and serial communication for uploading test data. KPM PDTI Cable Termination Monitor View more The KPM PDTI system is deployed on primary switching equipment such as ring network switch cabinets, cable termination boxes, and transformer output cables etc. within the power distribution network. Its primary function is to conduct online monitoring of partial discharge, indicating potential short circuits and ground faults in corresponding cable sections, along with real-time temperature monitoring. KPM Corona Pointer View more KPM Corona Pointer is an ideal equipment for condition-based maintenance programs. Online partial discharge testing is a method of inspecting the insulation of electric power systems while equipment remains energized and in service. Corona Pointer is based on online Ultrasonic PD sensor technology. KPM Duo PD - Handheld PD monitoring system View more KPM Duo PD is a handheld partial discharge tester which uses the ultrasonic signal generated by partial discharge to determine the existence and location of partial discharge and combines the real-time displayed images and data to quickly diagnose partial discharge conditions. KPM PDA-01, Partial Discharge Monitor View more The KPM PDA-01 features a split, modular design, with the local discharge signal conditioning module, digital acquisition module, and test voltage acquisition module integrated into the instrument. The powerful local discharge test and analysis system software is installed on the host computer, which connects to the instrument via USB and RS232 serial ports. KPM PD Pulse-8, Online Partial Discharge Monitor View more KPM PD Pulse-8 partial discharge online monitoring device includes a modularly designed partial discharge sensor and a partial discharge data processing terminal. The partial discharge sensor can effectively monitor ultrasonic and transient earth voltage signals. Its sensors are a two-in-one integrated assembly that can be installed on the HV equipment. Sık Sorulan Sorular ( SSS ) FAQ about Partial discharge : 01 What are the Top 5 PD Testing Techniques – A Quick Comparison? 1) Ultrasonic PD Detection - Detects sound waves from PD events - Portable, good for on-site inspections - Limited sensitivity in noisy environments 2) High-Frequency Current Transformer (HFCT) - Measures high-frequency currents on cables - Effective for early PD detection - Requires access to grounding points 3) Transient Earth Voltage (TEV) - Detects electromagnetic signals from PD inside metal enclosures - Non-intrusive and widely used in switchgear - Limited for external PD sources 4) Oscilloscopic PD Measurement - Directly captures PD pulses using specialized sensors - Very detailed and accurate - Requires expert analysis and controlled environment 5) Acoustic Emission (AE) Sensors - Captures elastic waves from PD activity - Useful for localizing PD sources - Can be affected by external noise - KPM offers advanced PD measurement systems combining multiple techniques for comprehensive, reliable diagnostics. 02 What do you understanding AE, HFCT, TEV, and UHF – Which PD Kit Do You Need? Choosing the right Partial Discharge (PD) testing kit depends on your equipment type, accessibility, and testing goals. Here’s a quick comparison: 1. AE – Acoustic Emission How it works: Detects sound waves from PD using piezoelectric sensors. Best for: Transformers, bushings, and GIS (localizing PD points). Pros: Non-invasive, good for pinpointing PD. Limitations: Sensitive to external noise. 2. HFCT – High-Frequency Current Transformer How it works: Clamped around the grounding conductor to detect PD pulses. Best for: Cables, terminations, rotating machines. Pros: Early detection, non-intrusive. Limitations: Needs grounding access; less effective in noisy ground systems. 3. TEV – Transient Earth Voltage How it works: Senses electromagnetic emissions on metal-clad switchgear. Best for: MV switchgear (metal-enclosed). Pros: Easy to use, fast screening. Limitations: Doesn’t work well on non-metallic enclosures. 4. UHF – Ultra High Frequency How it works: Captures high-frequency EM waves from PD (300 MHz+). Best for: GIS, gas-insulated transformers, sealed systems. Pros: Very sensitive and noise-immune. Limitations: Needs access to UHF sensors or couplers. Which Kit Do You Need? For switchgear: TEV + AE For cables and rotating machines: HFCT For GIS or sealed systems: UHF + AE For transformers and bushings: AE + HFCT KPM offers hybrid PD testing kits combining AE, TEV, HFCT, and UHF sensors for complete diagnostics across all asset types—helping you localize, classify, and trend PD activity efficiently. 03 What is principle of detecting PD in Switchgear Using TEV Method ? The Transient Earth Voltage (TEV) method detects partial discharge activity in metal-clad switchgear by capturing fast, high-frequency voltage transients that appear on the internal metal surfaces of the switchgear enclosure. How It Works: When partial discharge occurs inside the insulation of live parts (e.g., busbars, bushings), it emits electromagnetic pulses. These pulses induce high-frequency voltage transients on the inner surface of the switchgear's metal enclosure. These transients propagate through the metal, eventually reaching the outer surface. A TEV sensor, placed magnetically or capacitively on the metal surface, detects these transient voltages—typically in the range of MHz frequencies. Why It Works Well for Switchgear: Switchgear panels are metal-enclosed, which acts as a waveguide for the transient signals. TEV signals indicate internal insulation defects like surface tracking, void discharges, or corona inside the equipment. TEV detection is non-invasive, requires no shutdown, and is widely used for condition-based maintenance. What TEV Tells You: Presence of internal PD Severity of the discharge (by amplitude and repetition rate) Useful for early detection before insulation failure KPM’s PD testing kits integrate TEV sensors with digital displays and trending software, making it easy to perform on-site diagnostics of medium-voltage switchgear for early PD detection and risk assessment. 04 What are the Diagnosing Cable Defects With HFCT-Based PD Testing ? High-Frequency Current Transformer (HFCT) sensors are widely used for detecting and diagnosing partial discharge (PD) activity in power cables. They are clamped around the earth (ground) conductor to sense high-frequency current pulses generated by insulation defects. How HFCT PD Testing Works: PD Activity Inside Cable Insulation: Voids, cracks, or deteriorated insulation cause small electrical discharges. Pulse Propagation: These discharges generate high-frequency current pulses (MHz range) that flow along the grounding system. HFCT Sensor Detection: The HFCT sensor detects these pulses non-invasively by clamping it around the cable’s earth conductor without disconnecting the system. Signal Analysis: The captured pulses are analyzed for: Pulse shape and repetition rate Time-of-flight (for PD location) Amplitude and phase-resolved patterns (PRPD) What It Diagnoses: Defects in cable joints, terminations, insulation Water trees or aging in XLPE cables Internal corona or tracking activity Advantages of HFCT PD Testing: Online or offline testing possible Non-intrusive and safe Early detection prevents costly cable failures Can be used with multiple sensors for PD location (triangulation) KPM’s HFCT-based PD testing solutions are designed for rapid setup, high sensitivity, and advanced diagnostics—enabling utilities and industries to monitor cable health with confidence. 05 What is UHF PD Testing in GIS – High Sensitivity Explained? Ultra High Frequency (UHF) PD testing in Gas-Insulated Switchgear (GIS) is a highly sensitive method that detects partial discharge by capturing electromagnetic signals in the 300 MHz to 1.5 GHz range. GIS enclosures, being metallic and sealed, confine PD signals and create a low-noise environment—making UHF detection extremely effective. UHF sensors, typically built into or attached to the GIS via couplers or antennae, pick up these fast transients without interfering with system operation. This method offers excellent immunity to external noise and allows early detection of insulation defects such as voids, surface discharges, or corona, enabling preventive maintenance and reducing outage risk. KPM’s UHF PD solutions are optimized for GIS testing, offering precise, real-time diagnostics with minimal intrusion. 06 How PD Can Cause Catastrophic Failures If Left Undetected ? Partial Discharge (PD) is a small electrical spark that occurs within insulation systems due to defects like voids, cracks, or contamination. While each discharge releases only a small amount of energy, repeated activity degrades insulation over time, leading to progressive damage. If left undetected, PD can cause tracking, erosion, thermal breakdown, and eventually a complete insulation failure. This can result in catastrophic equipment breakdowns, fires, arc flash events, or prolonged outages. Early PD detection helps identify developing faults before they escalate, allowing timely intervention. KPM’s PD monitoring solutions provide accurate diagnostics to prevent such costly and dangerous failures. 07 How Often Should You Perform Partial Discharge Tests? The frequency of Partial Discharge (PD) testing depends on equipment type, criticality, age, and operating environment: New Installations: Test during commissioning to detect manufacturing or installation defects. Routine Maintenance: For critical assets (e.g., GIS, transformers, cables): annually or semi-annually For less critical systems: every 2–3 years Condition-Based Monitoring: For aging or high-risk equipment, use continuous or periodic online PD monitoring. After Major Events: Test after faults, repairs, or overloading. KPM offers both portable and continuous PD monitoring solutions tailored to asset condition and reliability goals. 08 What is Acoustic Emission for PD Detection – Emerging Trends? Acoustic Emission (AE) is an emerging technique in Partial Discharge (PD) detection, leveraging sound waves generated by PD activity within high-voltage equipment. AE sensors capture ultrasonic emissions, allowing non-intrusive, real-time monitoring of insulation health. Recent trends include the integration of AI algorithms for noise discrimination, wireless AE sensor networks for wide-area monitoring, and hybrid systems combining AE with UHF or HFCT methods for higher accuracy. KPM’s PD monitoring device incorporates these advancements by using sensitive AE sensors to detect PD in transformers, switchgear, and cable terminations. The system filters external noise and correlates AE signals with discharge activity, ensuring precise fault localization. Its compact design, cloud integration, and user-friendly interface make it suitable for continuous condition monitoring. This enables utilities to predict insulation failure early, plan timely maintenance, and improve grid reliability while aligning with modern digital substation standards. 09 What to Watch Out For while working on PD Testing in Motors and Generators ? Partial Discharge (PD) testing in motors and generators is critical for identifying early insulation deterioration, especially in high-voltage rotating machines. Key factors to watch out for include surface discharge near end windings, slot discharges, and internal PD caused by insulation voids. External noise interference, poor sensor placement, and incorrect test settings can lead to false readings or missed defects. It’s essential to differentiate between actual PD signals and electrical noise, especially in operational (online) testing. KPM’s PD tester addresses these challenges with high-frequency current transformer (HFCT) sensors, advanced noise separation algorithms. The device enables clear PD signal capture even in electrically noisy environments. It provides real-time analysis, waveform capture, and trend data, helping maintenance teams make informed decisions. KPM’s compact, rugged design and intuitive interface make it ideal for field diagnostics in motors and generators across power plants and industrial sites. 10 How to Interpret PD Signals? Interpreting Partial Discharge (PD) signals is crucial for diagnosing insulation issues accurately. Real-world case studies reveal that many failures arise not from PD presence, but from misinterpretation. In one case, a generator end-winding PD signal was mistaken for noise due to poor sensor grounding. Another involved a cable joint where increasing PD magnitude over time indicated a void-related breakdown—early intervention prevented a costly outage. Key learnings include the importance of phase-resolved PD (PRPD) pattern analysis, baseline signal comparison, and monitoring PD trends over time. Environmental noise, load conditions, and sensor placement significantly impact data quality. KPM’s PD tester simplifies interpretation with built-in PRPD pattern recognition, automated classification, and trend analytics. Its intelligent algorithms filter out noise and identify critical PD types—internal, surface, or corona—with high accuracy. By offering both real-time insights and historical tracking, KPM's tester empowers engineers to make confident maintenance decisions and extend asset life. FAQ about Monitoring testing : 01 What is the use of online partial discharge (PD) monitoring of panels using TEV and contact ultrasonic methods? Online partial discharge monitoring of medium-voltage and high-voltage panels using TEV (Transient Earth Voltage) and contact ultrasonic methods is used to detect and localize internal insulation defects and surface discharges without shutting down the equipment. Here's how each method contributes: 1. TEV (Transient Earth Voltage) Method Use: Detects internal PD activity, especially within air-insulated switchgear (AIS) and cable terminations inside metal-clad panels. How it works? When PD occurs inside enclosed metal-clad gear, it emits fast-rising electromagnetic pulses that induce transient voltages on the metal surfaces. TEV sensors pick up these signals from outside the panel. Benefit: Non-invasive, detects internal voids, tracking, and corona effects. 2. Contact Ultrasonic Method Use: Detects surface discharges, such as corona or tracking, which emit high-frequency acoustic signals. How it works? A piezoelectric sensor placed on the panel surface detects ultrasonic noise generated by PD activity, even through the enclosure. Benefit: Helps locate poor insulation, loose connections, or contamination issues causing discharge on the surface. Combined Use – Why It Matters? • Using both TEV and ultrasonic methods together enhances diagnostic accuracy: • • TEV gives insight into internal discharge severity and location. • • Ultrasonic confirms surface or near-surface PD sources and allows cross-verification. • • This dual-method approach is vital for: • • Preventive maintenance, • • Avoiding insulation failures, • • Improving switchgear reliability, and • • Extending equipment life without needing shutdowns.

KPM LA100+ & KPM LA 103+ is used for testing health of lightning arresters. It is also known as MOA Tester , Surge Arrester Tester/leakage current monitor/LCM etc. https://www.kpmtek.com/lightningarrestertestkit PARATONER TEST KİTİ ( LCM ) teori Çevrimiçi 1 Ph Paratoner Test Cihazı (gerilim ve akım ölçümü ile) Katalog KPM Paratoner Test Cihazı (KPM LA-100+), Paratonerlerin (LA/MOSA) elektriksel özelliklerini tespit etmek için kullanılacak özel alettir. KPM LA-100+ is capable of test LA doğrudan en güvenilir LA Kaçağı Akımı ve Hat PT'sine göre Çevrimiçi Ölçüm sonuçları kullanılarak IEC Ürün Özellikleri of Yıldırım Siperi Test Cihazı (KPM LA-100+) Geniş Ekran LCD Ekran, İngilizce kullanıcı menüsü, Kolay kullanım. Güvenilir veriler elde etmek için Hassas Örnekleme ve Fourier harmonik analiz tekniklerini kullanın. 3. Harmonik Direnç Akımını Ölçer , Toplam Direnç Akımı , Toplam Kaçak Akım ,_cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5-Vcf58 Şarj edilebilir pil, takvim saati, Dahili mikro yazıcı, 120 grup ölçüm verisi saklayabilir Çevrimiçi 3 Ph LA Test Cihazı (kablosuz E sensörü ve akım ölçümü ile) Katalog KPM's 3 Fazlı Paratoner Test Cihazı(KPM LA-103+) Paratonerlerin (LA/MOSA) elektriksel özelliklerini tespit etmek için kullanılacak özel alettir. KPM LA-103+ is capable, IEC uyarınca altı ana yöntem kullanılarak çevrimiçi olarak test edilebilir LA -: 1. Geniş ekranlı LCD ekran, tam İngilizce menü işlemi, kullanımı kolay. 2 Verileri güvenilir hale getirmek için yüksek hassasiyetli örnekleme ve işleme devreleri, gelişmiş Fourier harmonik analiz teknikleri kullanma. 3. Cihaz, verilerin güvenilirliğini ve güvenliğini sağlamak için benzersiz bir yüksek hızlı manyetik izolasyon dijital sensörü tarafından doğrudan yakalanan ve girilen voltaj ve akım sinyallerini kullanır. 4. Bu ekipman, PT ikincil kablolama yerine indüklenmiş elektrik alanı veya kablosuz iletim yöntemini kullanabilir. 5. Cihazın PT sekonderini bağlamasına gerek yoktur ve dirençli akımı doğrudan ölçebilir. 6. Sahadaki kişi için birçok seçenek sunan altı test yöntemi vardır.( PT ikincil yöntem, indüksiyon yöntemi, kablosuz iletim yöntemi, tek bir akım senkronizasyon yöntemi, pt ikincil senkronizasyon yöntemi) Çevrimiçi 3 Ph LA Test Cihazı (kablosuz E sensörü ve akım ölçümü ile) Katalog KPM's 3 Fazlı Paratoner Test Cihazı(KPM LA-103+) Paratonerlerin (LA/MOSA) elektriksel özelliklerini tespit etmek için kullanılacak özel alettir. KPM LA-103+ is capable, IEC uyarınca altı ana yöntem kullanılarak çevrimiçi olarak test edilebilir LA -: 1. Geniş ekranlı LCD ekran, tam İngilizce menü işlemi, kullanımı kolay. 2 Verileri güvenilir hale getirmek için yüksek hassasiyetli örnekleme ve işleme devreleri, gelişmiş Fourier harmonik analiz teknikleri kullanma. 3. Cihaz, verilerin güvenilirliğini ve güvenliğini sağlamak için benzersiz bir yüksek hızlı manyetik izolasyon dijital sensörü tarafından doğrudan yakalanan ve girilen voltaj ve akım sinyallerini kullanır. 4. Bu ekipman, PT ikincil kablolama yerine indüklenmiş elektrik alanı veya kablosuz iletim yöntemini kullanabilir. 5. Cihazın PT sekonderini bağlamasına gerek yoktur ve dirençli akımı doğrudan ölçebilir. 6. Sahadaki kişi için birçok seçenek sunan altı test yöntemi vardır.( PT ikincil yöntem, indüksiyon yöntemi, kablosuz iletim yöntemi, tek bir akım senkronizasyon yöntemi, pt ikincil senkronizasyon yöntemi) Theory - LA Tester Teori Paratoner Testi Paratoner – Teori Paratoner, elektrik güç sistemlerinde ve telekomünikasyon sistemlerinde yalıtımı korumak için kullanılan bir cihazdır. ve sistemin iletkenlerini yıldırımın zararlı etkilerinden korur. Tipik Paratoner, bir yüksek voltaj terminaline ve bir topraklama terminaline sahiptir. Bir yıldırım dalgalanması (veya anahtarlama dalgalanması) güç hattı boyunca Parafudur'a gittiğinde, dalgalanmadan gelen akım, çoğu durumda Toprağa olmak üzere Parafudr üzerinden yönlendirilir. Koruma başarısız olursa veya yoksa, elektrik sistemine çarpan yıldırım, iletim hatlarına zarar verebilecek ve ayrıca transformatörlere ve diğer elektrikli veya elektronik cihazlara ciddi hasar verebilecek binlerce kilo Volt verir. Gelen güç hatlarında yıldırımın ürettiği aşırı voltaj yükselmeleri, elektrikli ev aletlerine de zarar verebilir, bu nedenle Paratonerin bütünlüğü için çok önemlidir. Şu anda toplam kaçak akımın (kapasitif ve dirençli akımlar) izlenmesi birçok kamu hizmeti kuruluşu tarafından kullanılmaktadır. Kaçak Akım Monitörleri, Parafudrların Kaçak Akımını ölçmek için kullanılır ve yüksek kaçak akım durumunda Parafudrlar değiştirilir. Bununla birlikte, tamamen kapasitif olan toplam kaçak akım Parafudrların sağlığını tam olarak göstermediğinden, bu yöntemin kusursuz bir yöntem olmadığı düşünülmektedir. Toplam kaçak akım değerinin üreticiler tarafından belirlenen sınırın altında olmasına rağmen Parafudrların patladığı durumlar olmuştur. Direnç akımı toplam akımın %15-30'udur ve kapasitif ve dirençli akımlar 90 derece yüz kaymasında olduğundan, dirençli akımdaki önemli değişiklik bile toplam akımda çok küçük artışlara neden olur. Bu nedenle, toplam kaçak akımın izlenmesi, ZnO diskin bozulmasını tam olarak göstermeyebilir. Uzun lineer ZnO diskin bozunması, temel frekansın sistem voltajı uygulandığında genellikle kaçak akımda harmoniklere yol açar. Üçüncü harmonik dirençli akım ölçümü, üçüncü harmonik bileşenin toplam kaçak akımdan filtrelenmesine dayanır. Yaklaşık 500 mikro amper mertebesindeki kaçak akımın genellikle güvenli olduğu kabul edilir. Kaçak akımın dirençli kısmı veya güç kaybı, aşağıda verilen çeşitli yöntemlerle belirlenebilir: Referans olarak bir voltaj sinyali kullanma Bir voltaj sinyali kullanarak kapasitif bileşeni telafi etme Üç fazın kaçak akımını birleştirerek kapasitif kompanzasyon Üçüncü dereceden harmonik analizi Güç kayıplarının doğrudan belirlenmesi Gerilimdeki harmonikler için kompanzasyonlu üçüncü dereceden harmonik analizi “Dirençli akım” bileşen hesaplamaları ile Gelişmiş İzleme Sistemi. Gelişmiş teşhis yöntemlerinin kullanılması, arıza olasılığını büyük ölçüde azaltır ve dolayısıyla insan ve para kayıplarını önler. Bu nedenle Parafudrların durumunun düzenli zaman aralıklarında, Parafudrun enerjisi kesilmeden hizmette olan sürekli kaçak akımın rezistif bileşeni ölçülerek kontrol edilmesi arzu edilir. Referans olarak “Gerilim Sinyali” ilkesine dayalı cihazlarla güvenilir ölçümler elde edilir. LA'nın düzenli olarak izlenmesi, 66 kV ila 765 kV trafo merkezlerinde birçok arızayı önlemiştir. Bu akımın değerleri normalde mili amper kesirlerinden birkaç mili ampere kadar değişir ve değeri Parafudurun bozulmasının bir göstergesi olan dirençli akım değişimleriyle karakterize edilir. Bu kaçak akımın rezistif bileşeni, yaşlanmaya neden olan ve nihayetinde Parafudr arızalarına neden olan farklı gerilimler nedeniyle artabilir. Sık Sorulan Sorular ( SSS ) FAQ about lightning arrester testing : 01 What is the purpose of online testing for lightning arresters? The purpose of online testing for HV lightning arresters is to evaluate their health and operational condition while they remain energized and connected to the high-voltage system. This non-intrusive testing monitors critical parameters—especially leakage current—to detect early signs of insulation degradation, moisture ingress, or internal damage. By performing these tests without disconnecting the arrester, utilities can ensure continuous protection against transient over voltages, prevent unexpected failures, and schedule maintenance proactively, thereby enhancing system reliability and safety. 02 How does online testing differ from offline testing of lightning arresters? Online testing of lightning arresters is performed while the arrester is energized and connected to the live high-voltage system. It monitors parameters like leakage current and voltage in real time to assess the arrester’s condition without interrupting power supply or removing the arrester from service. Offline testing, on the other hand, requires disconnecting the arrester from the system and applying controlled test voltages or impulses in a laboratory or test environment. This allows detailed diagnostic tests, such as insulation resistance, dielectric withstand, and energy absorption capability, but causes downtime and power disruption. In summary, online testing enables continuous condition monitoring without service interruption, while offline testing offers more comprehensive diagnostics but requires taking the arrester out of operation. 03 What parameters are measured during online testing of lightning arresters? During online testing of lightning arresters, the key parameters measured include: Leakage current: Both resistive and capacitive components are monitored to detect insulation deterioration or moisture ingress. Discharge current: Measures the arrester’s response to transient overvoltages. Voltage across the arrester: To correlate leakage current with operating voltage. Power factor (dissipation factor): Indicates the level of insulation losses and ageing. Harmonic content of leakage current: Helps identify partial discharges or defects. Continuous monitoring of these parameters helps identify early signs of failure and evaluate arrester condition in real time. 04 What types of leakage current patterns indicate a failing arrester? In surge arresters (typically metal oxide varistor or MOV-based), leakage current patterns can offer early warning signs of deterioration or failure. Here are the key types of leakage current patterns that indicate a failing arrester: 1. Increasing Total Leakage Current Over Time What it means: The arrester is gradually losing its insulation resistance. Cause: Ageing of the zinc oxide blocks or moisture ingress. Warning: A consistent upward trend is a red flag — especially under normal system voltage. 2. High Resistive Leakage Current What it means: An increase in resistive (non-linear) current indicates internal degradation. Why it's critical: Unlike capacitive leakage (which is normal), resistive leakage is a sign of arrester deterioration. How it shows up: Measured using third-harmonic analysis or waveform separation techniques. 3. Sudden Jumps or Spikes in Leakage Current What it means: Possible internal flashover, moisture ingress, or external contamination. Typical sign: A sharp increase without a gradual trend. Next step: Immediate inspection or replacement is usually advised. 4. Leakage Current with Strong Daily Variation What it means: Leakage current rises during daytime due to heating and falls at night — abnormal if variation is large. Potential cause: Moisture or contamination interacting with thermal cycles. 5. Phase Shift Changes in Leakage Current What it means: The phase angle between voltage and leakage current shifts — especially the third harmonic. Used in: Online monitoring systems. Why it matters: Indicates the balance between capacitive and resistive components is shifting unfavourably. 6. Leakage Current under Wet Conditions What it means: If leakage current increases dramatically during rain or fog, it may indicate surface tracking or contamination. Action: Cleaning or replacing the arrester may be required. 05 Which standard is most widely accepted worldwide? The IEC 60099-4 standard (from the International Electrotechnical Commission) is the most widely accepted global standard for metal-oxide lightning arresters. It defines performance criteria, testing procedures—including online monitoring methods—and requirements for high-voltage arresters used in power systems. The B2 method for assessing leakage current in metal-oxide surge arresters is detailed in the IEC 60099-4 standard — specifically in IEC 60099-4:2013, titled "Surge arresters — Part 4: Metal-oxide surge arresters without gaps for AC systems — Methods of test". This standard outlines how to measure and analyze leakage current components, including the resistive part used in the B2 method, for condition assessment and online monitoring of high-voltage lightning arresters. 06 Do you know Which parameter are measured in IEC 60099-4 B2 Method ? In the B2 method, leakage current measurement is used to evaluate the condition of a metal-oxide lightning arrester by analyzing its resistive (non-capacitive) leakage current component while the arrester is energized at operating voltage. Here’s how it works: Measurement: The total leakage current flowing through the arrester is measured using sensitive instruments. This current consists of a capacitive component (normal and stable) and a resistive component (indicative of arrester aging or damage). Resistive component isolation: The B2 method focuses on isolating the resistive part of the leakage current, as an increase in resistive current usually signals degradation, moisture ingress, or damage to the arrester’s internal varistors. Analysis: By comparing the measured resistive leakage current to baseline or manufacturer’s reference values, the condition of the arrester can be assessed. A rising resistive leakage current over time indicates deteriorating insulation and the potential for failure. Trend monitoring: Periodic measurements allow trend analysis, helping predict the arrester’s remaining life and plan maintenance before catastrophic failure occurs. This method is widely used because it is sensitive, non-invasive, and can be performed online without disconnecting the arrester. 07 Which compensations are taken care in B2 method typically In the B2 method, leakage current measurement is used to evaluate the condition of a metal-oxide lightning arrester by analyzing its resistive (non-capacitive) leakage current component while the arrester is energized at operating voltage. Here’s how it works: Measurement: The total leakage current flowing through the arrester is measured using sensitive instruments. This current consists of a capacitive component (normal and stable) and a resistive component (indicative of arrester aging or damage). Resistive component isolation: The B2 method focuses on isolating the resistive part of the leakage current, as an increase in resistive current usually signals degradation, moisture ingress, or damage to the arrester’s internal varistors. Analysis: By comparing the measured resistive leakage current to baseline or manufacturer’s reference values, the condition of the arrester can be assessed. A rising resistive leakage current over time indicates deteriorating insulation and the potential for failure. Trend monitoring: Periodic measurements allow trend analysis, helping predict the arrester’s remaining life and plan maintenance before catastrophic failure occurs. This method is widely used because it is sensitive, non-invasive, and can be performed online without disconnecting the arrester.

KPM's cable testing kits equpments are as follow:- - KPM TAN DELTA 40 - KPM AC HIPOT - KPM DC HIPOT - KPM VLF Hipot Tester - KPM VLF Series KPM TD 40 ÇEVRİMİÇİ PD & TOPRAK İZLEME KPM TAN DELTA 40 KPM TD 40 KPM TD 40 capacitance and tan delta tester is designed for condition assessment of high capacitance & high voltage electrical insulation in high voltage apparatus. It is a measurement instrument that is used with an AC power source and a standard capacitor to form a complete measurement setup. KPM TD 40 is a two-piece design. the control module and the test module communicate wirelessly during the test. KPM DC HIPOT KPM DC HIPOT KPM Portable DC Hipot Test Set consists of a control unit & a double rectifier unit. The KPM- DC series of HIPOTs is light weight, portable & easy to use. These units are user friendly & its output is stable at even high voltages DC vs AC High-potential Testing Direct current high-potential testing provides several advantages over alternating current. KPM VLF Series KPM VLF Series KPM offers the most portable and easy to use VLF hipots available in market. A VLF hipotis just an AC output tester but with an output frequency of 0.1 Hz or lower rather than 0.1 Hz. Although the frequency is very low, it is still an alternating current with polarity reverses after every half cycle. At 0.1 Hz output, rather than 50Hz, it takes 500 times less current and power to apply an AC voltage to a capacitive load, like a long cable. KPM AC HIPOT KPM AC HIPTO KPM Portable AC/DC Hipot Test Set consists of a control unit & a double rectifier unit. The KPM-AC/DC series of HIPOTs is light weight , portable & easy to use. These units are user friendly& its output is stable at even high voltages it is the basic test equipment used by the power station, transmission and distribution companies for testing the insulation strength of all kind of electrical products, electrical equipment and insulated materials. KPM VLF Hipot Tester KPM VLF Hipot Tester KPM offers the most portable and easy to use VLF hipots available in market. A VLF hipotis just an AC output tester but with an output frequency of 0.1 Hz or lower rather than 0.1 Hz. Although the frequency is very low, it is still an alternating current with polarity reverses after every half cycle. At 0.1 Hz output, rather than 50Hz, it takes 500 times less current and power to apply an AC voltage to a capacitive load, like a long cable. Sık Sorulan Sorular ( SSS ) FAQ about Cable testing : 01 1. What is VLF testing, and why is it used for cable diagnostics? VLF (Very Low Frequency) testing applies a low-frequency AC voltage—typically 0.01 Hz to 0.1 Hz—to power cables to assess their insulation condition. It’s used because VLF testing can apply a high voltage stress similar to normal operating conditions but with less heating and damage risk than standard power frequency tests. This makes it ideal for diagnosing medium- and high-voltage cables, especially in field conditions, to detect weaknesses like insulation degradation, voids, or defects before failure occurs. 02 2. How does VLF testing differ from conventional AC hipot testing? VLF testing uses a very low frequency (typically 0.01 to 0.1 Hz) AC voltage, whereas conventional AC hipot testing applies standard power frequency (50/60 Hz) voltage. The low frequency in VLF reduces the capacitive charging current in long cables, allowing high test voltages without overheating the cable insulation. This makes VLF safer and more practical for field testing of long medium- and high-voltage cables. In contrast, conventional AC hipot tests can cause excessive heating and damage when used on such cables. 03 3. What types of cable defects can VLF testing detect? VLF testing is effective at identifying a wide range of insulation defects and weaknesses within medium- and high-voltage power cables. It can detect partial discharge (PD) activity, which is a common early indicator of insulation deterioration such as microscopic voids or cracks within the cable’s insulation material. These PD sites generate localized electrical discharges that degrade the insulation over time, potentially leading to catastrophic failure if not addressed. Additionally, VLF testing can reveal water ingress problems, where moisture penetrates the insulation and lowers its dielectric strength, as well as contamination or aging effects such as thermal, mechanical, or chemical degradation of the insulation material. It can also uncover manufacturing defects like thin spots, improper curing, or insulation gaps. While VLF testing is excellent for assessing the overall integrity of the cable insulation and detecting areas of weakness, it may not precisely locate the defects. For detailed localization, it is often combined with other techniques such as partial discharge (PD) measurements or time-domain reflectometry (TDR). 04 4. What is Tan Delta (VLD) testing, and how does it assess cable insulation quality? Tan Delta (also called Very Low Dissipation factor or VLD) testing measures the dielectric losses in cable insulation by applying an AC voltage and analyzing the phase difference between the current and voltage. The "tan delta" represents the ratio of resistive (lossy) current to capacitive (ideal) current. A low tan delta value indicates good insulation with minimal energy loss, while higher values suggest deterioration due to moisture, contamination, or aging. By measuring these losses, Tan Delta testing assesses the overall insulation condition and detects early-stage degradation before catastrophic failure. It is highly sensitive to insulation quality changes and is commonly used for condition assessment and preventive maintenance of medium- and high-voltage cables. 05 5. How do Tan Delta results indicate the health or degradation of a cable? Tan Delta results reflect the insulation’s dielectric losses, which increase as the cable ages or deteriorates. A low tan delta value means the insulation is healthy, with minimal leakage current and good dielectric integrity. Conversely, a rising tan delta value indicates increasing insulation defects such as moisture ingress, contamination, cracks, or thermal aging. Trends in tan delta over time are especially important: a gradual increase suggests progressive degradation, allowing maintenance teams to plan repairs before failure occurs. Sudden spikes may point to acute damage or contamination. Thus, monitoring tan delta values helps assess the insulation’s condition, predict remaining service life, and prioritize maintenance actions. 06 6. What is VLF Partial Discharge (PD) testing, and how does it help's identify insulation defects? VLF Partial Discharge (PD) testing uses very low frequency voltage to stress the cable insulation while detecting and measuring partial discharges—tiny electrical sparks that occur within insulation voids or defects. These discharges are often early signs of insulation failure, caused by imperfections like cracks, voids, or contamination. By capturing PD activity, VLF PD testing helps pinpoint insulation defects before they lead to catastrophic cable failure. It provides valuable insight into the type, location, and severity of defects, enabling targeted maintenance and reducing unplanned outages. This makes it a crucial tool for proactive cable condition assessment. 07 7. Can VLF PD testing detect early-stage insulation failures? Yes, VLF Partial Discharge (PD) testing is specifically designed to detect early-stage insulation failures. Partial discharges are small electrical sparks that occur in microscopic voids, cracks, or impurities within the cable insulation—often long before a complete breakdown happens. By applying very low frequency voltage, VLF PD testing stresses the insulation gently but effectively, allowing detection of these early PD activities. Detecting partial discharges early helps identify weak spots or developing defects in the insulation, enabling maintenance teams to address issues proactively, extend cable life, and avoid costly unplanned failures. 08 8. What are the typical test voltages and frequencies used in VLF cable testing for 11 kV and 33 kV cables? For 11 kV cables, the VLF test voltage typically ranges from 15 kV to 33 kV, depending on the test type—diagnostic tests usually use about 1.5 times the rated voltage (around 16.5 kV), while withstand tests may apply up to 2.5 to 3 times the rated voltage (up to ~33 kV). For 33 kV cables, the test voltage typically ranges from 45 kV to 75 kV, with diagnostic tests at around 1.5 times the rated voltage (approximately 49.5 kV), and withstand tests potentially up to 2.5 times rated voltage (about 82.5 kV), though the upper limit depends on cable specifications and standards. In both cases, the frequency used is very low—typically 0.1 Hz—to reduce capacitive currents and minimize heating during testing, making it safe and effective for long cable lengths. 09 9. How do environmental factors affect VLF, Tan Delta, and PD test results? Environmental conditions like temperature, humidity, and soil moisture can significantly impact VLF, Tan Delta, and Partial Discharge (PD) test results. Temperature: Higher temperatures generally reduce insulation resistance and can increase Tan Delta values and PD activity due to increased molecular activity in the insulation. Low temperatures can raise resistance but might mask some defects. Humidity and Moisture: Moisture ingress lowers insulation resistance and increases dielectric losses, causing higher Tan Delta readings and more PD activity. Wet conditions can lead to more apparent insulation degradation during testing. Soil Conditions: For underground cables, soil resistivity and moisture affect grounding and test current paths, influencing VLF and PD measurements. Dry or rocky soils may lead to higher resistance readings. Surface Contamination: Dirt, oil, or salts on cable surfaces can cause surface discharges, impacting PD and Tan Delta results. Because of these factors, it’s important to consider and document environmental conditions during testing and, where possible, perform tests under similar conditions for consistent trending and accurate diagnostics. 10 10. What are the safety precautions and best practices during VLF and PD cable testing? • Ensure Proper Training: Only qualified personnel familiar with high-voltage testing and equipment should conduct tests. • Use Appropriate PPE: Wear insulated gloves, safety glasses, and flame-resistant clothing. • Clear the Test Area: Establish a safe perimeter with warning signs and barriers to prevent unauthorized access during testing. • Verify Equipment Condition: Check all test instruments, leads, and connections for damage before use. • De-energize and Ground Cables: Ensure the cable is disconnected from the power system and properly grounded before connecting test equipment. • Follow Manufacturer Guidelines: Use the recommended test voltages, durations, and procedures specific to the cable type and equipment. • Monitor Test Parameters: Continuously observe voltage, current, and PD activity during the test to detect abnormalities early. • Avoid Testing in Hazardous Environments: Do not perform tests during storms, wet conditions, or explosive atmospheres. • Record Test Data Accurately: Document all parameters, environmental conditions, and observations for traceability and analysis. • Emergency Preparedness: Have clear procedures for immediate shutdown and emergency response in case of equipment failure or personnel hazard. • Following these precautions ensures safety and reliable test results while protecting both personnel and equipment.

Energy meter testing equipment 1) Energy meter testing reference ( 1 ph & 3 ph ) 2) Energy meter calibrator ( 3 ph ) 3) Energy meter test bench ( 1 ph & 3 ph ) Enerji Ölçer Testi 3 Fazlı Enerji Ölçer Referansı - MT 3000D MT 3000D MT 3000D, enerji sayaçlarının test edilmesi ve kalibrasyonu için son teknoloji taşınabilir 3 fazlı bir enerji ölçer referansıdır. MT3000D, kullanımı kolay ve hafif bir cihazdır. MT 3000D iki doğruluk seçeneğiyle sunulur (%0,05 ve %0,1) MT3000D, aşağıdaki işlevlere sahip hepsi bir arada bir birimdir Otomatik yanlış bağlantı testi Oran testi Harmonik testi Metre Doğruluk Testi ( 0.05 / 1 Sınıf ) Rapor Yazdır MT 3000B Taşınabilir üç fazlı kWh Metre yerinde Kalibratör, çalışma sırasında üç fazlı, tek fazlı, aktif veya reaktif enerji sayacını kalibre etmek için kullanılır ve ayrıca üç fazlı güç hattının AC parametresini ölçmek için voltaj, akım ve güç ölçer olarak kullanılabilir , ayrıca dalga bozulma faktörünü ve 2 ila 63 zamanlı harmonic dalgasını ölçebilir. Aşağıdaki özelliklere sahiptir: •32 bit ARM işlemci, çok kanallı 16 bit hassas A/D dönüştürücü, yüksek çözünürlüklü TFT LCD'yi benimseyin. •İç kısım %0,01 geniş aralıklı akım trafosu ile donatılmıştır ve çeşitli tip akım pensleri, geniş ölçüm aralığı ve yüksek doğruluk ile donatılabilir. •Düşük tüketimli devre tasarımı, yüksek enerjili Li pil kaynağı, enstrümanın 10 saate kadar sürekli çalışmasını sağlayan entelektüel güç yönetimi yazılımı 1 Fazlı Enerji Ölçer Test Referansı Katalog EMR 1, enerji ölçerlerin test edilmesi ve kalibrasyonu için son teknoloji taşınabilir 1 fazlı enerji ölçer referansıdır . EMR 1, kullanımı kolay ve hafif bir cihazdır. EMR 1, doğruluk oranı %0,3'tür. Özellikler 1. Şebeke beslemesini kesmeden sayaç hatalarını test edin. 2. İsteğe bağlı boş yük kutusu 3. Sertifika: ISO 9001 Features Özel plastik kalıp kutusu, hafif ve taşınabilir, LCD ekran Voltajı, akımı, gücü ölçün. güç devresinin bağlantısını kesmeden faz güç faktörü Güç devresinin bağlantısını kesmeden tek faz ölçerin pozitif/negatif hatasını test edin Geniş akım kelepçesi çaldı: 0.5-100A Geniş çalışma voltajı: AC180 - 250V Doğrudan voltaj test kablosuyla sağlanan güç kaynağı Yüksek ve düşük frekanslı enerji darbe çıkışı. Göndermesi ve test etmesi kolay Tarama kafası ile örnekleme, doğrudan elektronik ölçüm cihazının darbe girişi veya manuel anahtar kalibrasyonu Harici akım yük kutusuna bağlanabilir ve simüle edilmiş yükü destekler 1 Fazlı Enerji Ölçer Test Referansı Katalog EMR 1, enerji ölçerlerin test edilmesi ve kalibrasyonu için son teknoloji taşınabilir 1 fazlı enerji ölçer referansıdır . EMR 1, kullanımı kolay ve hafif bir cihazdır. EMR 1, doğruluk oranı %0,3'tür. Özellikler 1. Şebeke beslemesini kesmeden sayaç hatalarını test edin. 2. İsteğe bağlı boş yük kutusu 3. Sertifika: ISO 9001 Features Özel plastik kalıp kutusu, hafif ve taşınabilir, LCD ekran Voltajı, akımı, gücü ölçün. güç devresinin bağlantısını kesmeden faz güç faktörü Güç devresinin bağlantısını kesmeden tek faz ölçerin pozitif/negatif hatasını test edin Geniş akım kelepçesi çaldı: 0.5-100A Geniş çalışma voltajı: AC180 - 250V Doğrudan voltaj test kablosuyla sağlanan güç kaynağı Yüksek ve düşük frekanslı enerji darbe çıkışı. Göndermesi ve test etmesi kolay Tarama kafası ile örnekleme, doğrudan elektronik ölçüm cihazının darbe girişi veya manuel anahtar kalibrasyonu Harici akım yük kutusuna bağlanabilir ve simüle edilmiş yükü destekler 1 Fazlı Enerji Ölçer Test Referansı Katalog EMR 1, enerji ölçerlerin test edilmesi ve kalibrasyonu için son teknoloji taşınabilir 1 fazlı enerji ölçer referansıdır . EMR 1, kullanımı kolay ve hafif bir cihazdır. EMR 1, doğruluk oranı %0,3'tür. Özellikler 1. Şebeke beslemesini kesmeden sayaç hatalarını test edin. 2. İsteğe bağlı boş yük kutusu 3. Sertifika: ISO 9001 Features Özel plastik kalıp kutusu, hafif ve taşınabilir, LCD ekran Voltajı, akımı, gücü ölçün. güç devresinin bağlantısını kesmeden faz güç faktörü Güç devresinin bağlantısını kesmeden tek faz ölçerin pozitif/negatif hatasını test edin Geniş akım kelepçesi çaldı: 0.5-100A Geniş çalışma voltajı: AC180 - 250V Doğrudan voltaj test kablosuyla sağlanan güç kaynağı Yüksek ve düşük frekanslı enerji darbe çıkışı. Göndermesi ve test etmesi kolay Tarama kafası ile örnekleme, doğrudan elektronik ölçüm cihazının darbe girişi veya manuel anahtar kalibrasyonu Harici akım yük kutusuna bağlanabilir ve simüle edilmiş yükü destekler Sık Sorulan Sorular ( SSS ) FAQ about Energy meter testing : 01 What is the purpose of reference testing in energy meter calibration? The purpose of reference testing in energy meter calibration is to verify and ensure the accuracy of the energy meter by comparing its measurements against a highly precise and traceable standard—called the reference meter or standard. This process identifies any measurement errors or deviations in the energy meter under test, allowing for correction or adjustment to meet specified accuracy classes. Reference testing helps maintain measurement reliability, billing fairness, and compliance with industry standards. 02 How is the accuracy class of an energy meter determined during calibration? The accuracy class of an energy meter is determined by evaluating its measurement error under a range of standardized test conditions during calibration. This involves comparing the meter’s energy readings against those of a highly accurate reference standard meter over a set period and at various load levels and power factors. The calibration process typically tests the meter at multiple points such as: Light load (e.g., 10% of rated current) Medium load (e.g., 50% of rated current) Full load (100% of rated current) Additionally, measurements are taken at different power factors, including unity (1.0), lagging (inductive), and leading (capacitive) conditions, to simulate real operating scenarios. At each test point, the percentage error is calculated by comparing the meter’s recorded energy to that of the reference meter. The accuracy class is assigned based on whether these errors stay within the maximum allowable limits defined by standards such as IEC 62053 or ANSI C12.20. For example, a Class 1.0 meter must not exceed ±1% error under these conditions. Consistent performance across all test points confirms the meter’s accuracy class, ensuring it meets the required precision for billing or monitoring applications. 03 Do you know the common standards and regulations followed for energy meter calibration? What are the common standards and regulations followed for energy meter calibration? Energy meter calibration is governed by international and regional standards to ensure accuracy, reliability, and uniformity. The most widely followed standards include: IEC 62053 series: International standards specifying performance and accuracy requirements for different classes of electricity meters (e.g., IEC 62053-21 for static meters, IEC 62053-22 for active energy meters, and IEC 62053-23 for reactive energy meters). IEC 60521 and IEC 60522: Standards covering calibration methods and testing procedures for electric meters. ANSI C12 series: North American standards, such as ANSI C12.20, that define accuracy classes and testing protocols for electric meters. OIML R46: International recommendation by the International Organization of Legal Metrology outlining accuracy requirements and test procedures for electricity meters used in billing. National regulations: Many countries have their own legal metrology regulations and certification requirements to ensure meters used for billing comply with local laws. 04 Do you know which equipment is used as a reference standard during energy meter calibration? The reference standard in energy meter calibration is a highly accurate and traceable device known as a calibration standard meter or reference meter. This equipment has a much higher precision than the meter under test, typically with an accuracy class of 0.02% or better. Common types include: Standard reference meters: Precision static energy meters designed specifically for calibration, with traceability to national or international measurement standards. Calibrated instrument transformers: High-accuracy current and voltage transformers to supply accurate test signals. Precision power sources: Devices that can generate stable and controllable voltage and current at various loads and power factors to simulate real operating conditions. Calibration benches or test rigs: Integrated setups that combine the above equipment to perform automated, controlled calibration tests. Using these reference standards ensures that the energy meter calibration is accurate, repeatable, and compliant with metrology requirements. 05 How do environmental conditions affect energy meter calibration results? Environmental factors like temperature, humidity, and atmospheric pressure can influence the accuracy of energy meter calibration. Temperature: Changes in temperature can affect the electrical characteristics of meter components, causing measurement drift or errors. Most calibration standards specify temperature ranges within which tests should be performed to ensure consistency. Humidity: High humidity can cause condensation or moisture ingress, impacting insulation resistance and electronic circuits, leading to inaccurate readings during calibration. Atmospheric pressure: Variations in pressure can subtly affect electrical properties, especially in sensitive equipment, although its impact is generally less significant than temperature or humidity. To minimize these effects, calibrations are ideally conducted in controlled laboratory environments with stable temperature and humidity, or environmental conditions are recorded and accounted for in the calibration report. 06 What is the difference between static and dynamic energy meter calibration? Static calibration tests the energy meter under steady-state conditions by applying fixed voltage and current values at set loads and power factors. It measures the meter’s accuracy when the electrical parameters remain constant, helping to verify basic performance and error under controlled, stable conditions. Dynamic calibration, on the other hand, evaluates the meter’s performance under varying, real-world operating conditions where voltage, current, and load fluctuate over time. It simulates actual usage patterns to assess how accurately the meter records energy during transient events, load changes, and power quality variations. While static calibration is simpler and faster, dynamic calibration provides a more comprehensive assessment of meter accuracy in practical scenarios, especially important for modern smart meters and complex electrical systems. 07 How often should energy meters be recalibrated to ensure accuracy? Energy meters should typically be recalibrated every 3 to 5 years, depending on regulatory requirements, manufacturer recommendations, and the operating environment. Frequent recalibration helps detect any drift in accuracy caused by aging, environmental factors, or mechanical wear. In critical applications or harsh conditions, more frequent recalibration may be necessary. Utilities often follow national standards or legal metrology guidelines that specify maximum intervals to maintain measurement reliability and billing fairness. 08 What is the process for checking the linearity of an energy meter? Checking the linearity of an energy meter involves verifying that the meter’s measurement error remains consistent across a wide range of loads. The process includes: Apply multiple test currents: The meter is tested at different load levels, typically ranging from low (e.g., 10% of rated current) to full load (100%) and sometimes even above. Maintain constant voltage and power factor: During each test point, voltage and power factor are kept steady to isolate the current’s effect. Record meter readings: The energy measured by the meter under test is compared against a reference standard meter at each load level. Calculate percentage error: For each load, the error percentage is calculated based on the difference between the test meter and reference meter readings. Analyze results: A linear meter will show minimal variation in error across all loads. Significant deviations indicate non-linearity, which can affect billing accuracy. This test ensures the meter accurately measures energy consumption regardless of load size, essential for fair billing and reliable performance. 09 How are errors in energy meters identified and corrected during calibration? During calibration, errors in energy meters are identified by comparing the meter’s recorded energy values to those of a highly accurate reference standard under controlled test conditions. The percentage difference between the meter reading and the reference reading reveals the magnitude and direction of the error. If errors exceed acceptable limits defined by standards, corrective actions may include: • Adjustment: For mechanical meters, physical adjustments (like repositioning the dial or adjusting the braking magnet) can reduce errors. • Reprogramming or firmware updates: For electronic meters, software recalibration or parameter tuning may correct measurement deviations. • Component replacement: Faulty parts, such as sensors or electronic modules, may be replaced to restore accuracy. • Rejecting the meter: If the errors cannot be corrected within tolerance, the meter may be deemed unfit for use. After correction, the meter is re-tested to confirm that errors now fall within the required accuracy class, ensuring reliable measurement and billing.

Our monitoring solutions consist of Online power cable temperature monitoring using optical sensors, Online cable partial discharge monitoring, Online Earth Resistance Monitoring etc. ÇEVRİMİÇİ PD & TOPRAK İZLEME Penta PD - Kısmi Deşarj Dedektörü Daha fazlasını öğrenin Penta PD Kısmi Deşarj Dedektörü Kısmi Deşarj Dedektörü Penta-PD, duruma dayalı bakım programları için ideal bir ortaktır. Kısmi Deşarj Dedektörü Penta-PD, 5 tür çevrimiçi PD sensör teknolojisinin tümünü bünyesinde barındırır. Birden fazla sensörden gelen bilgiler, Kısmi Deşarj Dedektörü Penta-PD'ye, çeşitli trafo merkezi aparatlarında çeşitli tipte PD'yi algılamak için çok yönlülük sağlar. Algılama Bant Genişliği 1.TEV - Geçici Toprak Gerilimi, Aralık 3～100 MHz 2.UHF - Ultra Yüksek Frekans 300MHz～2000 MHz 3.UA – Ultrasonik 40 ～ 200 KHz Ölçüm aralığı 1.UA: -90~80dB 2.TEV: -80~10dBm 3.UHF: -80~10dBm. Sensör: a) Ultrasonik sensör: 20~200(kHz); b) EV (Geçici Toprak Gerilimi) sensörü: 5 ~ 100MHz; c) UHF sensörü: 300~2000(MHz), yönlü alım karakteristiği ile. Penta PD - Kısmi Deşarj Dedektörü Daha fazlasını öğrenin Penta PD Kısmi Deşarj Dedektörü Kısmi Deşarj Dedektörü Penta-PD, duruma dayalı bakım programları için ideal bir ortaktır. Kısmi Deşarj Dedektörü Penta-PD, 5 tür çevrimiçi PD sensör teknolojisinin tümünü bünyesinde barındırır. Birden fazla sensörden gelen bilgiler, Kısmi Deşarj Dedektörü Penta-PD'ye, çeşitli trafo merkezi aparatlarında çeşitli tipte PD'yi algılamak için çok yönlülük sağlar. Algılama Bant Genişliği 1.TEV - Geçici Toprak Gerilimi, Aralık 3～100 MHz 2.UHF - Ultra Yüksek Frekans 300MHz～2000 MHz 3.UA – Ultrasonik 40 ～ 200 KHz Ölçüm aralığı 1.UA: -90~80dB 2.TEV: -80~10dBm 3.UHF: -80~10dBm. Sensör: a) Ultrasonik sensör: 20~200(kHz); b) EV (Geçici Toprak Gerilimi) sensörü: 5 ~ 100MHz; c) UHF sensörü: 300~2000(MHz), yönlü alım karakteristiği ile. PQ Analiz Cihazı Light Daha fazlasını öğrenin Model KPM PQ Işık 1) Ürün bileşen tipi Tutma yeri çok fazlı güç ölçer 2) Faz açıklaması 3PH4W (In olmadan) 3PH3W 1PH2W (LN); 1PH2W(LL);1PH3W(LLN) 3. Cihaz uygulaması • Güç analizi • Enerji ölçer 4. Giriş tipi • Harici Rogowski bobini • Harici CT (yalnızca 333mV) 5. Ekran 3,5 inç TFT ekran görüntüsü 6. Örnekleme hızı Saniyede 8k örnek 7. Harmonik 52. Maks 8. Mekanik özellikler • Ağırlık 350g • Boyut U*G*D:21,5*10*3,5CM Güç Kalitesi Analizörü + Daha fazlasını öğrenin Model KPM PQ Işık 1) Ürün bileşen tipi Tutma yeri çok fazlı güç ölçer 2) Faz açıklaması 3PH4W (In ile) 3PH3W 1PH2W (LN); 1PH2W(LL);1PH3W(LLN) 3. Cihaz uygulaması • Güç analizi • Enerji ölçer 4. Giriş tipi • Harici Rogowski bobini • Harici CT (yalnızca 333mV) 5. Ekran 3,5 inç TFT ekran görüntüsü 6. Örnekleme hızı Saniyede 8k örnek 7. Harmonik 52. Maks 8. PC Bağlantısı 8. Mekanik özellikler • Ağırlık 350g • Boyut U*G*D:21,5*10*3,5CM Güç Kalitesi Analizörü + Daha fazlasını öğrenin Model KPM PQ Işık 1) Ürün bileşen tipi Tutma yeri çok fazlı güç ölçer 2) Faz açıklaması 3PH4W (In ile) 3PH3W 1PH2W (LN); 1PH2W(LL);1PH3W(LLN) 3. Cihaz uygulaması • Güç analizi • Enerji ölçer 4. Giriş tipi • Harici Rogowski bobini • Harici CT (yalnızca 333mV) 5. Ekran 3,5 inç TFT ekran görüntüsü 6. Örnekleme hızı Saniyede 8k örnek 7. Harmonik 52. Maks 8. PC Bağlantısı 8. Mekanik özellikler • Ağırlık 350g • Boyut U*G*D:21,5*10*3,5CM Penta PD - Kısmi Deşarj Dedektörü Daha fazlasını öğrenin Penta PD Kısmi Deşarj Dedektörü Kısmi Deşarj Dedektörü Penta-PD, duruma dayalı bakım programları için ideal bir ortaktır. Kısmi Deşarj Dedektörü Penta-PD, 5 tür çevrimiçi PD sensör teknolojisinin tümünü bünyesinde barındırır. Birden fazla sensörden gelen bilgiler, Kısmi Deşarj Dedektörü Penta-PD'ye, çeşitli trafo merkezi aparatlarında çeşitli tipte PD'yi algılamak için çok yönlülük sağlar. Algılama Bant Genişliği 1.TEV - Geçici Toprak Gerilimi, Aralık 3～100 MHz 2.UHF - Ultra Yüksek Frekans 300MHz～2000 MHz 3.UA – Ultrasonik 40 ～ 200 KHz Ölçüm aralığı 1.UA: -90~80dB 2.TEV: -80~10dBm 3.UHF: -80~10dBm. Sensör: a) Ultrasonik sensör: 20~200(kHz); b) EV (Geçici Toprak Gerilimi) sensörü: 5 ~ 100MHz; c) UHF sensörü: 300~2000(MHz), yönlü alım karakteristiği ile. Penta PD - Kısmi Deşarj Dedektörü Daha fazlasını öğrenin Penta PD Kısmi Deşarj Dedektörü Kısmi Deşarj Dedektörü Penta-PD, duruma dayalı bakım programları için ideal bir ortaktır. Kısmi Deşarj Dedektörü Penta-PD, 5 tür çevrimiçi PD sensör teknolojisinin tümünü bünyesinde barındırır. Birden fazla sensörden gelen bilgiler, Kısmi Deşarj Dedektörü Penta-PD'ye, çeşitli trafo merkezi aparatlarında çeşitli tipte PD'yi algılamak için çok yönlülük sağlar. Algılama Bant Genişliği 1.TEV - Geçici Toprak Gerilimi, Aralık 3～100 MHz 2.UHF - Ultra Yüksek Frekans 300MHz～2000 MHz 3.UA – Ultrasonik 40 ～ 200 KHz Ölçüm aralığı 1.UA: -90~80dB 2.TEV: -80~10dBm 3.UHF: -80~10dBm. Sensör: a) Ultrasonik sensör: 20~200(kHz); b) EV (Geçici Toprak Gerilimi) sensörü: 5 ~ 100MHz; c) UHF sensörü: 300~2000(MHz), yönlü alım karakteristiği ile. Güç Kalitesi Analizörü + Daha fazlasını öğrenin Model KPM PQ Işık 1) Ürün bileşen tipi Tutma yeri çok fazlı güç ölçer 2) Faz açıklaması 3PH4W (In ile) 3PH3W 1PH2W (LN); 1PH2W(LL);1PH3W(LLN) 3. Cihaz uygulaması • Güç analizi • Enerji ölçer 4. Giriş tipi • Harici Rogowski bobini • Harici CT (yalnızca 333mV) 5. Ekran 3,5 inç TFT ekran görüntüsü 6. Örnekleme hızı Saniyede 8k örnek 7. Harmonik 52. Maks 8. PC Bağlantısı 8. Mekanik özellikler • Ağırlık 350g • Boyut U*G*D:21,5*10*3,5CM Güç Kalitesi Analizörü + Daha fazlasını öğrenin Model KPM PQ Işık 1) Ürün bileşen tipi Tutma yeri çok fazlı güç ölçer 2) Faz açıklaması 3PH4W (In ile) 3PH3W 1PH2W (LN); 1PH2W(LL);1PH3W(LLN) 3. Cihaz uygulaması • Güç analizi • Enerji ölçer 4. Giriş tipi • Harici Rogowski bobini • Harici CT (yalnızca 333mV) 5. Ekran 3,5 inç TFT ekran görüntüsü 6. Örnekleme hızı Saniyede 8k örnek 7. Harmonik 52. Maks 8. PC Bağlantısı 8. Mekanik özellikler • Ağırlık 350g • Boyut U*G*D:21,5*10*3,5CM Güç Kalitesi Analizörü + Daha fazlasını öğrenin Model KPM PQ Işık 1) Ürün bileşen tipi Tutma yeri çok fazlı güç ölçer 2) Faz açıklaması 3PH4W (In ile) 3PH3W 1PH2W (LN); 1PH2W(LL);1PH3W(LLN) 3. Cihaz uygulaması • Güç analizi • Enerji ölçer 4. Giriş tipi • Harici Rogowski bobini • Harici CT (yalnızca 333mV) 5. Ekran 3,5 inç TFT ekran görüntüsü 6. Örnekleme hızı Saniyede 8k örnek 7. Harmonik 52. Maks 8. PC Bağlantısı 8. Mekanik özellikler • Ağırlık 350g • Boyut U*G*D:21,5*10*3,5CM Sık Sorulan Sorular ( SSS ) FAQ about Monitoring testing : 01 What is the use of online partial discharge (PD) monitoring of panels using TEV and contact ultrasonic methods? Online partial discharge monitoring of medium-voltage and high-voltage panels using TEV (Transient Earth Voltage) and contact ultrasonic methods is used to detect and localize internal insulation defects and surface discharges without shutting down the equipment. Here's how each method contributes: 1. TEV (Transient Earth Voltage) Method Use: Detects internal PD activity, especially within air-insulated switchgear (AIS) and cable terminations inside metal-clad panels. How it works? When PD occurs inside enclosed metal-clad gear, it emits fast-rising electromagnetic pulses that induce transient voltages on the metal surfaces. TEV sensors pick up these signals from outside the panel. Benefit: Non-invasive, detects internal voids, tracking, and corona effects. 2. Contact Ultrasonic Method Use: Detects surface discharges, such as corona or tracking, which emit high-frequency acoustic signals. How it works? A piezoelectric sensor placed on the panel surface detects ultrasonic noise generated by PD activity, even through the enclosure. Benefit: Helps locate poor insulation, loose connections, or contamination issues causing discharge on the surface. Combined Use – Why It Matters? • Using both TEV and ultrasonic methods together enhances diagnostic accuracy: • • TEV gives insight into internal discharge severity and location. • • Ultrasonic confirms surface or near-surface PD sources and allows cross-verification. • • This dual-method approach is vital for: • • Preventive maintenance, • • Avoiding insulation failures, • • Improving switchgear reliability, and • • Extending equipment life without needing shutdowns.

In KPM Engineering Solutions we have all type of state of art earth resistance testers such as Spike Method , Clamp On Method , Grid Earth Resistance Monitor Etc. |Earth Testing |https://www.kpmtek.com/earth-testing-app TOPRAK / ZEMİN TESTİ Earth Tester - Spike Yöntemi Daha fazlasını öğrenin Earth Tester (Spike Method) KPM -ET30K Earth Resistance & Soil Resistivity Tester is specially designed and manufactured for measuring earth resistance, soil resistivity, earth voltage &_cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b- 136bad5cf58d_AC gerilimi. ET30K adopts the latest technology for precise 4-pole, 3 -pole and simple 2-pole measurement for earth direnç. importing FFT and AFC technology,_cc781905-5cde- 3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ with a unique function of anti-interference capability and the ability to adapt to the_cc781905-5cde-3194- bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ environment, consistency of repeat testing,_cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b -136bad5cf58d_ uzun süreli ölçümlerde yüksek hassasiyet, yüksek kararlılık ve güvenilirlik sağlamak için Toprak Test Cihazı - Kelepçe Yöntemi Daha fazlasını öğrenin Kelepçeli Topraklama Test Cihazı (KPM-CET1200) is zemin direnci ölçümünde yaygın olarak uygulanır, loop elektrik_cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3cd5b-5b-136 gibi alanlarda direnç ölçümü , petrol sahası, architecture and endüstriyel elektrikli ekipman, etc. Döngü ile zemin sistemini ölçerken, hiçbir zemin bağlantısını kesme ihtiyacı yoktur yardımcı olmayan tel electrode, bu daha güvenli ve daha hızlı anlamına gelir. Clamp Topraklama Test Cihazının (KPM-CET1200) Temel Özellikleri Toprak direncini/döngü direncini ölçer Büyük çene ölçüsü (65mmx32mm) Geniş direnç ölçüm aralığı (0,01Ω ila 1200Ω) Geniş akım ölçüm aralığı (0,01A - 20A) Karşılıklı bağlı toprak çukuru devrelerini test etmek için ideal Earth Tester - Spike Yöntemi Daha fazlasını öğrenin Earth Tester (Spike Method) KPM -ET30K Earth Resistance & Soil Resistivity Tester is specially designed and manufactured for measuring earth resistance, soil resistivity, earth voltage &_cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b- 136bad5cf58d_AC gerilimi. ET30K adopts the latest technology for precise 4-pole, 3 -pole and simple 2-pole measurement for earth direnç. importing FFT and AFC technology,_cc781905-5cde- 3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ with a unique function of anti-interference capability and the ability to adapt to the_cc781905-5cde-3194- bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ environment, consistency of repeat testing,_cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b -136bad5cf58d_ uzun süreli ölçümlerde yüksek hassasiyet, yüksek kararlılık ve güvenilirlik sağlamak için Çevrimiçi Toprak Test Cihazı (GERM) Daha fazlasını öğrenin Kritik Topraklama Sisteminizin sağlığını çevrimiçi izlemek için Son Teknoloji Cihaz Izgara Toprak Direnci Monitörü (Germ ), Online'ın Toprak Çukurlarının gerçek zamanlı toprak direnci değerini izleyen ve herhangi bir arıza tespit ettiğinde alarm veren bir art cihazının durumudur . Siteden gelen tüm bilgiler güvenli bir şekilde gelişmiş iletişim yöntemleri ile sunucuya gönderilir. Sık Sorulan Sorular ( SSS ) FAQ about Earth testing : 01 Difference between Clamp and Spike Method? Earth Resistance Testing: Clamp vs. Spike Method : The Clamp Method and the Spike (Fall-of-Potential) Method are two commonly used techniques for measuring earth resistance, each with distinct use cases. The Spike Method (also known as the three-point or fall-of-potential method) is considered the most accurate and is typically used during installation or scheduled maintenance when it’s feasible to disconnect the grounding system. It requires driving two auxiliary spikes into the ground at set distances from the earth electrode and measuring the voltage drop created by a test current. This method provides a true earth resistance value but is time-consuming, invasive, and requires open ground access. In contrast, the Clamp Method (or Stakeless method) is a quick, non-intrusive test ideal for live systems where disconnecting the earth rod is not possible. Using a special clamp meter, the method induces a test signal and measures current flow through parallel earth paths. It’s convenient and fast but is only applicable when multiple grounding paths exist (e.g., in mesh or grid systems). The Clamp Method does not provide accurate results for isolated earth rods or when there is only a single grounding point. In summary, the Spike Method is best for accurate baseline testing during commissioning, while the Clamp Method is ideal for routine checks on operational systems without disrupting service. 02 How to Ensure Compliance With Earth Testing in Renewable Sites? Ensuring Compliance with Earth Testing in Renewable Sites : To ensure safety and meet regulatory standards in solar, wind, or hybrid renewable energy systems, proper earth resistance testing is essential. Key Steps: Follow Standards: Comply with IEC 60364, IEEE 80, BS 7430, or local codes. Test Soil Early: Conduct soil resistivity surveys during design to select the right grounding method. Use Proper Methods: Apply the Fall-of-Potential method for commissioning and Clamp Method for periodic checks. Keep Records: Log all test data with method, instrument, and environmental details. Test Regularly: Schedule annual or biannual resistance tests to catch degradation early. Use Remote Monitoring (if available): SCADA or sensors can track resistance levels continuously. Train Personnel: Ensure field staff know correct testing procedures and safety protocols. Third-Party Verification: For audits or large projects, use certified inspectors for compliance reporting. 03 What will be seasonal Impact on Ground Resistance Measurements? Seasonal Impact on Ground Resistance Measurements Ground resistance values can vary significantly with seasonal changes due to environmental factors affecting soil conditions: Soil Moisture: During wet seasons (rainy or winter), soil moisture increases, lowering ground resistance by improving conductivity. Conversely, dry seasons cause soil to dry out, increasing resistance. Soil Temperature: Colder temperatures can increase soil resistivity as water in soil may freeze, reducing conductivity. Warmer temperatures generally improve conductivity. Soil Composition Changes: Seasonal changes in organic matter decomposition and salt concentration may also affect soil resistivity. Vegetation and Ground Cover: Plant growth during certain seasons can affect soil moisture retention and contact with grounding electrodes. Implications Testing during different seasons may yield varying results; hence, baseline measurements should be taken in both dry and wet conditions to understand worst-case scenarios. For accurate monitoring and compliance, schedule tests consistently or adjust acceptable resistance thresholds based on seasonal variation.

KPM Engineering ( A Leading S/S test equipment Company ) and Wellman Power ( A leading CT PT manufacturer ) collaborates to form a Development Center For Instrument Transformers ( DCIT ) with state of art test equipment and standards . It is an initiative to serve power sector @ www.kpmtek.com DCIT - Enstrüman Transformatörleri Geliştirme Merkezi KPM Mühendislik ( Lider S/S test ekipmanı Company , 765KV seviyesine kadar S/S hizmeti veren ) _cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3bdc-158bad5 132KV )'ye kadar CT PT üreticisi, a oluşturmak için işbirliği yapıyorEnstrüman Transformatörleri Geliştirme Merkezi ( DCIT ) son teknoloji test ekipmanı ve standartları ile. Power Sector Customers'a eşsiz kalite ve hassas ürünlerle hizmet vermek için bir girişimdir. DCIT, Instrument Transformers'ın üç ana yönüne odaklanıyor 1) Conductor 2) Insulation_cc781905 -5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ _cc781905-5cde-3194- bb3b-136bad5cf58d_3) Core DCIT'de Ar-Ge'nin birkaç kilit alanı şunlardır: -: Sinüzoidal olmayan koşullar altında instrument transformers gerilim karakterizasyonu Güç kalitesi değerlendirmesi instrument transformers in uygulaması Voltaj ve akımın metrolojik performansları instrument transformers in harmonik ölçümleri instrument transformatörlerindeki sistematik hataların tespiti ve düzeltilmesi Temasta olmak

KPM ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS is an electrical test equipment provider with strong support. Our solutions are Relay Test Kit, CT/PT Analyzer, Oil BDV, Transformer Testing, Circuit Breaker Testing, LA Testing, Ground Testing, Partial Discharge Testing, Thermal Imager Camera, PIK, SIK, AC/DC HIPOT. İLETİŞİM Gurgaon Office : Telefon Numarası : +91 124 4001088, Email : sales@kpmtek.com _cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b- 136bad5cf58d_ ( Satış ve Servis Merkezi ) Bangalore Office : Phone Number : +91 8123950553, Email : blr@kpmtek.com _cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b -136bad5cf58d_ _cc781905-5cde -3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ ( Satış ve Servis Merkezi ) EU Contact _cc781905-5cde-3194 -bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ : Phone Number :+48 539438443 , Email : sales@kpmtek.com _cc781905-5cde-3194 -bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ _cc781905 -5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ ( Satış ve Teknik Destek )

Circuit Breaker Analyzer cover all testing items of high voltage circuit breakers. (KPM-CBA) has the following unique advantages: Vibration Analysis for mechanical characteristics Distance & Speed Analysis CRM-100A DCRM-100A Low voltage pickup test on coils from 16V to 300 V DEVRE KESİCİ TEST KİTLERİ Video teori Devre Kesici Analizörü Daha fazla göster Circuit Breaker Analyzer'ın işlevleri, yüksek gerilim devre kesicilerin tüm test öğelerini kapsar. Geleneksel devre kesici test cihazı KPM Devre Kesici Analiz Cihazı (KPM-CBA) ile karşılaştırıldığında aşağıdaki benzersiz avantajlara sahiptir: Mekanik özellikler için Titreşim Analizi Hareketli kontakların Mesafe ve Hız Analizi 100A Statik Kontak direnci ölçümü 100A Dinamik Temas Direnci Ölçümü 16V ila 300 V arasındaki bobinlerde düşük voltaj başlatma testi Temas Direnci Test Cihazı Daha fazla göster Kontak Direnci Test Cihazı (KPM CRT) outputs DC 600A akımlarını devre kesicinin veya yüksek akım kablosu kontaklarının kontak direncini test etmek için . Per IEC62271 olarak tasarlanmıştır. Esas olarak devre kesici kontak direncini ölçer. Test cihazının tüm test sonuçları, test cihazına entegre edilmiş mikro yazıcı tarafından yazdırılabilir. Ayrıca, test cihazında kaydedilen tüm test sonuçları the bilgisayarına yüklenebilir ve ardından MS WORD belgesi olarak kaydedilebilir. KPM- CRT Serisi aşağıdaki varyantlarda mevcuttur-: 100A 200A 400A 600A KPM CBA-01 Daha fazla göster KPM Devre Kesici Analizörü (KPM-CBA 01) güç sistemi devre kesicilerini, yük anahtarlarının ve izole anahtarların mekanik özelliklerini ve diğer AC yüksek gerilim anahtarlarını test etmek, analiz etmek ve değerlendirmek için kullanılır, Ark kontakları ve titreşim özellikleri vb. Devre Kesici Analizörü hepsini kapsar yüksek gerilim devre kesicilerinin test gereksinimleri. Geleneksel devre kesici test cihazı KPM Devre Kesici Analiz Cihazı (KPM – CBA 01) ile karşılaştırıldığında aşağıdaki benzersiz avantajlara sahiptir: ÖZELLİKLER KPM CBA-01 devre kesici test seti, yüksek gerilim, orta gerilim devre kesici, anahtar ve kontaktörün elektriksel ve mekanik karakteristiklerini gerçekleştirmek için kullanılır. 12 ana kontağın kesici zaman parametrelerini (kapalı, açık, asenkron, sıçrama) ölçün. Pano üzerinde 12 adet kontak durum gösterge lambalı set. Yakın ve açık durumu yargılamak kolaydır. Direnç dönüştürücü veya dijital dönüştürücü kullanarak kırıcının hareketini, aşırı hareketini, geri tepmesini, aşımını ve hızını ölçün. Açıyı ölçmek için bir dijital döner dönüştürücü kullanın. Kapat, Aç, OCO, OC, CO kontrol sıralarını çalıştırın. CB tarafından çalıştırılan mekanik karakteristiği manuel olarak test edin. Dahili DC kontrol çıkışı, aksiyon voltajı testi için kullanılabilir. Motor sürerken motor akım eğrisini ölçün, Bobin Akımı ölçümü Vacuum Interruptor Life Analyzer ( VILA )_cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b- 136bad5cf58d_ Daha fazla göster KPM-VILA (vakum kesici Ömür Analiz Cihazı) , sahada, atölyede veya laboratuvarda vakum kesicilerin durumunu belirlemek için gelişmiş teknolojisini kullanan üçüncü nesil test seti. Anlamlı bir vakum kesici testi arıyorsanız, yeni VILA'mızın (vakum kesici Ömür Analiz Cihazı) olağanüstü özelliklerine bir göz atın (vakum şişesi olarak da bilinir) test cihazı) sahada, mağazada veya laboratuvarda kullanılabilir. Penning Deşarj Prensibini kullanarak, our VILA (vakum kesici Ömür Analizörü) , öğesini kolayca tanımlayabilir Bir vakum kesici içindeki basınç Vakum kesicilerin kullanım ömrü Şimdiye kadar bu tür testler yalnızca montaj fabrikasında yapılabiliyordu. KPM CBT-01 (Kesici Zamanlayıcı) Daha fazla göster Özellikler : 1. Çeşitli yüksek voltajlı devre kesicilerin elektriksel özelliklerini test edin. 2. 6 kontağın kapanma, açılma, farklı periyotlar ve geri dönme süresi parametrelerini test edin. 3. Panelde, kapanma veya açılma durumunun veya kablolamanın doğru olup olmadığına karar vermek için uygun olan 6 adet kontak durumu göstergesi vardır. 4. Kapama, açma, açma ve kapama, kapama, açma ve kapama kontrolünü gerçekleştirin. 5. Manuel voltaj ayar düğmesi, kapatma düğmesi, açma düğmesi ile dahili yüksek güçlü ayarlanabilir DC güç kaynağı, hızlı bir şekilde açılıp kapanabilir ve voltaj testini çalıştırabilir. 6. Dahili DC gücü, motor enerji depolaması için kullanılabilir. 7. Çıkış kontrolü, yüksek kontrol doğruluğu ve uzun ömürlü elektronik anahtarlar kullanır. KPM CBT-01 (Kesici Zamanlayıcı) Daha fazla göster Özellikler : 1. Çeşitli yüksek voltajlı devre kesicilerin elektriksel özelliklerini test edin. 2. 6 kontağın kapanma, açılma, farklı periyotlar ve geri dönme süresi parametrelerini test edin. 3. Panelde, kapanma veya açılma durumunun veya kablolamanın doğru olup olmadığına karar vermek için uygun olan 6 adet kontak durumu göstergesi vardır. 4. Kapama, açma, açma ve kapama, kapama, açma ve kapama kontrolünü gerçekleştirin. 5. Manuel voltaj ayar düğmesi, kapatma düğmesi, açma düğmesi ile dahili yüksek güçlü ayarlanabilir DC güç kaynağı, hızlı bir şekilde açılıp kapanabilir ve voltaj testini çalıştırabilir. 6. Dahili DC gücü, motor enerji depolaması için kullanılabilir. 7. Çıkış kontrolü, yüksek kontrol doğruluğu ve uzun ömürlü elektronik anahtarlar kullanır. KPM CBT-01 (Kesici Zamanlayıcı) Daha fazla göster Özellikler : 1. Çeşitli yüksek voltajlı devre kesicilerin elektriksel özelliklerini test edin. 2. 6 kontağın kapanma, açılma, farklı periyotlar ve geri dönme süresi parametrelerini test edin. 3. Panelde, kapanma veya açılma durumunun veya kablolamanın doğru olup olmadığına karar vermek için uygun olan 6 adet kontak durumu göstergesi vardır. 4. Kapama, açma, açma ve kapama, kapama, açma ve kapama kontrolünü gerçekleştirin. 5. Manuel voltaj ayar düğmesi, kapatma düğmesi, açma düğmesi ile dahili yüksek güçlü ayarlanabilir DC güç kaynağı, hızlı bir şekilde açılıp kapanabilir ve voltaj testini çalıştırabilir. 6. Dahili DC gücü, motor enerji depolaması için kullanılabilir. 7. Çıkış kontrolü, yüksek kontrol doğruluğu ve uzun ömürlü elektronik anahtarlar kullanır. Karşılaştırma - Devre Kesici Test Cihazları Teori - Devre Kesici Testi Theory CB Testing Bir devre kesici, bir elektrik devresini aşırı yük veya kısa devrenin neden olduğu hasarlardan korumak için tasarlanmış, otomatik olarak çalıştırılan bir elektrik anahtarıdır. Temel işlevi, bir arıza durumunu tespit etmek ve akım akışını kesmektir. Devre Kesici, arıza durumlarında ilgili rölelerden 'Açma' komutu alır. Aşağıdaki parametreler genellikle bir devre kesici üzerinde test edilir. Devre Kesiciler ile ilgili yaygın testler Kapanış Saati & Açılış Saati Hareket Testleri (IEC 1208'de önerildiği gibi) sönümleme Bobin Akımları Açtırma Gerilimi Ana kontakların Statik Kontak Direnci Devre kesici teşhisi için yeni yöntemler Dinamik Temas Direnci Titreşim Testi. Bobin Akım Eğrisinin Şekli Vakumlu Şişe Bütünlüğü Kapasitans ve Derecelendirme Kondansatörünün Tan Deltası SF6 gazının/havanın Çiy Noktası Ölçümü Ölçülen değerler, üretici tarafından belirtilen sınır değerlerle veya bakım kuruluşunun deneyimle ulaştığı değerlerle karşılaştırılır. Birçok durumda, kesici yeni olduğunda alınan farklı ölçümlerden oluşan bir "parmak izi" derlenir. Bu parmak izi daha sonra sonraki ölçümler için referans olarak kullanılabilir. Bulunan herhangi bir değişiklik, kesicinin durumundaki bir değişikliği açıkça gösterir. Teori - Devre Kesici Testi Circuit Breaker Test Kits : 01 Why Timing Tests on Circuit Breakers Matters ? During a circuit breaker timing test, the opening and closing times of main and auxiliary contacts are measured to assess the breaker's mechanical and electrical performance. The test simulates real fault or operation conditions, records response times (e.g., O, C, O-C-O), and analyzes contact synchronization, bounce, and trip coil current. These measurements reveal issues like slow operation, wear, or misalignment. Advantages include early fault detection, improved safety, reduced downtime, and compliance with IEC/ANSI standards. KPM offers precise timing test equipment with advanced diagnostics, helping utilities and industries maintain system reliability and extend breaker life through data-driven maintenance planning. 02 What means measuring contact resistance in Circuit Breakers ? A contact resistance test measures the electrical resistance across closed contacts of a circuit breaker. Low resistance ensures efficient current flow with minimal losses or overheating. High resistance can indicate pitting, corrosion, or poor contact pressure. This test helps detect internal issues not visible externally. It’s essential for preventing energy losses, overheating, and eventual failure during load or fault conditions. Regular testing ensures optimal breaker performance, safety, and longevity. KPM offers contact resistance test equipment with high accuracy and data logging, enabling predictive maintenance, faster troubleshooting, and compliance with IEC/IEEE standards across substations and industrial power systems. 03 What is the use of both side ground feature in contact resistance meter ? The both-side ground feature in a contact resistance meter allows the tester to connect the instrument’s ground reference on both ends of the circuit breaker contacts simultaneously. For Example:- - Eliminate interference and noise caused by stray currents or electromagnetic fields. - Improve measurement accuracy by ensuring a stable, low-resistance ground path. - Prevent false readings that may occur if only one side is grounded. - It increases the safety of the operation. - KPM’s contact resistance meter CRT 200 G use this feature to deliver precise, repeatable readings critical for assessing contact health and ensuring reliable breaker operation. 04 Why is understanding Coil Current Analysis in Breaker Testing important ? Coil current analysis involves measuring the current drawn by the trip and close coils during circuit breaker operation. This current signature helps diagnose the breaker’s mechanical and electrical health. Changes in current shape, peak value, or duration can reveal issues like sluggish movement, coil burnout, weak springs, or mechanical obstructions. Analyzing the coil current curve provides early warnings of potential failure before timing or contact issues become visible. It enhances predictive maintenance and helps avoid costly downtime. KPM’s test systems capture detailed coil current waveforms, enabling precise diagnostics, improved reliability, and safe operation of critical power systems. 05 How to do Dynamic Contact Travel Analysis ? Dynamic contact travel analysis measures the real-time movement of a circuit breaker’s main contacts during operation using motion sensors or transducers. It captures parameters like stroke, velocity, overtravel, rebound, and contact wipe. This test reveals mechanical wear, misalignment, or sluggish movement that timing tests alone can miss. It ensures the breaker’s mechanical integrity, proper contact engagement, and smooth operation under stress. KPM’s breaker analyzers support dynamic travel analysis with high-resolution sensors and software that visualizes motion curves. This allows for accurate diagnostics, preventive maintenance, and verification that breakers meet design and safety standards. 06 What is Vacuum Interrupter Testing ?What is its Life Cycle and Failure Modes? Vacuum interrupters (VIs) are critical components in medium-voltage circuit breakers, responsible for arc extinction. Though sealed for life, their performance can degrade over time. Life Cycle: VIs have a defined mechanical and electrical life—typically 10,000+ operations or a set number of fault interruptions. Factors like switching frequency, fault levels, and contact wear influence lifespan. Failure Modes: Loss of vacuum (leakage) Contact erosion or misalignment Internal flashover or dielectric breakdown Testing: KPM offers vacuum interrupter testers to check vacuum integrity using high-voltage AC/DC or magnetron-based methods, ensuring reliability, safety, and timely replacement decisions. 07 Why you Shouldn’t Ignore Pre-Insertion Resistor Testing ? Pre-insertion resistors (PIRs) reduce inrush currents during circuit breaker closing, protecting equipment from voltage transients and mechanical stress. Ignoring PIR testing can lead to undetected resistor failure, delayed insertion, or complete bypass—compromising system stability. Regular PIR testing verifies correct resistor engagement, timing, and resistance values. It ensures effective damping of switching surges, especially in capacitor bank or transformer applications. KPM’s breaker analyzers can assess PIR timing and resistance performance with precision, helping prevent equipment damage, extend asset life, and maintain reliable power system operation. Skipping this test risks hidden failures and costly breakdowns. 08 Differences Between Testing SF6, Vacuum, and Oil CBs ? Here’s a concise comparison of testing SF6, Vacuum, and Oil Circuit Breakers (CBs): SF6 CBs: Tests focus on gas pressure, density, and leakage, plus timing, contact resistance, and gas quality analysis. SF6 ensures excellent arc quenching. Vacuum CBs: Emphasis on vacuum integrity testing, contact resistance, timing, and coil current analysis. Vacuum interrupters have a sealed, long-life design. Oil CBs: Requires insulation and oil quality tests, contact resistance, timing, and sometimes oil dielectric strength checks. Oil acts as arc quenching and insulation medium. KPM offers specialized test equipment tailored for each CB type, ensuring accurate diagnostics, maintenance, and safety compliance. 09 Difference between Circuit Breaker Analyzer and Manual Timer – Pros & Cons? Circuit Breaker Analyzer Pros: • High accuracy and repeatability • Measures multiple parameters (timing, coil current, contact resistance) • Data logging and analysis software • Detects subtle faults and trends • Faster and safer testing Cons: • Higher initial cost • Requires some training to operate Manual Timer Pros: • Low cost and simple to use • Portable and no power needed Cons: • Limited accuracy and precision • Measures only basic open/close timing • No data recording or advanced diagnostics • Prone to human error KPM provides advanced analyzers that save time, improve safety, and offer detailed diagnostics for better maintenance decisions. 10 How Temperature and Environment Affect CB Test Results ? Temperature Effects: • Cold temperatures can stiffen mechanical parts, causing slower operations and longer timing. • High temperatures may reduce coil resistance, affecting current measurements. • Extreme temps can alter contact resistance readings due to material expansion or contraction. Environmental Factors: • Humidity can cause corrosion or moisture ingress, affecting insulation and contacts. • Dust and contaminants can interfere with mechanical movement or electrical contacts. • Vibrations or electromagnetic interference may distort sensitive measurements.

KPM Solutions supplies precision ultra high voltage test equipment including Relay Test Kits, CT/PT Analyzers, TTR, Winding Resistance & PD Testers. Know more GÜÇ SİSTEMİ TEST EKİPMANLARI KPM VIT-100 KPM Vacuum Interrupter Tester KPM ICAL Pro KPM Instrument Calibrator KPM MT 3000 D+ Three phase Reference Standard Energy Meter specially used for energy meter on-site test KPM PSR12 KPM’s Power Signal Recorder 12 KPM TD12 A+ Automatic 12KV Capacitance & Dissipation Factor Test Set KPM TWRT YY 3 Phase Winding Resistance Tester with automatic change of connections Energy Meter Test Benchs 3 phase energy meter test bench for testing energy meters of 0.5 to 0.02 accuracy levels. KPM-SG_70kV, 70mA Cable Testing Surge Generator / Thumper KPM LBVV 240V 110A Battery Discharge Kit (Constant Current , Constant Power) KPM LB4815+ Battery Load Bank , Constant Current, Constant Power , Constant Resistance Mode KPM AL- 80H Battery Pack Air Leak Tester KPM AL- 80L KPM Battery Pack Air Leak Tester KPM CCDB + Series KPM Li Ion Cell Charge Discharge & Balancer KPM CCDB SERIES KPM Li Ion Cell Charge Discharge & Balancer KPM PDH SERIES KPM Pack Discharging (800V / 1000V) KPM PCD Series KPM li Ion Battery Pack Charge Discharge Test kit PCDH Series KPM li Ion Battery Pack Charge Discharge Test kit ( 800V / 1000V ) KPM MCD 2550 KPM charging , discharging & cyclic charging - discharging of Li Ion modules , Constant Current Discharge KPM CCDB 5V 15A KPM Li-ion Cell Charge Discharge Balancing kit, Constant Current Discharge (5V, 15 A) KPM BCD 0550 KPM Li-ion Battery Charging Discharging kit , Constant Current Discharge (5V, 50 A), Used for high current applications like forklifts, cranes etc. KPM BCD 0530 KPM Li-ion Battery Charging Discharging kit (5V, 30A), Constant Current Discharge , Used for high current applications like forklifts, cranes etc. KPM BCD B-4X KPM Li-ion Battery Charging Discharging kit with 4 independent channels (100A), Constant Current Discharge , Used for high current applications like forklifts, cranes etc. KPM KS30 KPM SF6 Gas Analyzer KPM BA-02 Battery Analyzer for testing battery internal resistance, conductance and voltage. Auto increase in the serial number of results using touch and test function, this also reduces testing time KPM Battery Data Logger To check Battery voltage, current and temperature. These sensors are integrated with battery discharge units KPM LA 103 Pro LA Tester measures and displays the values of Total Leakage Current and Third Harmonic Resistive Leakage Current directly with ambient temperature and line harmonic compensation KPM ER1 KPM ER1C is the Three phase Reference Standard Energy Meter specially used to calibrate single phase energy meter on-site . KPM AC HIPOT KPM Cable testing KPM VLF Hipot Tester KPM VLF HIGH VOLTAGE TESTER Hipot Tester KPM DC HIPOT KPM DC Hipot Test Set KPM TD 40 KPM 40kV Tan Delta measurement unit used for cable testing KPM VLF Series KPM VLF series with Tan Delta & PD Measurement Facility KPM Penta Pd pro Hand held Partial Discharge Tester with multichannel PD detection functions which can be integrated with multiple sensors like UHF , TEV, HFCT, AE , Contact Acoustic etc. KPM CEST 1800 KPM’s Clamp Earth & Spike Tester KPM CRT 6002G Contact Resistance Tester with single-end and double-end grounding test technology, It is available in 200A & 600A KPM Onload Tap Changer Analyzer Onload Tap Changer Analyzer is testing key parameters of an OLTC such as ,Transient time, Transition waveform, Transition resistance, Synchronization status of three phase. td12 Automatic 12KV Capacitance & Dissipation Factor Test Set with 4 Nos channels for Bushing testing in one test , Built In 10kV - 5mA Diagnostic Insulation Tester KPM APIK Automatic Primary Injection Kit is used for high voltage switch testing, protection system testing and current transformer testing in power system KPM CTA C+ CT Analyzer ( for factory & field applications ) KPM CT/PT Tester pro An automatic device used for testing of instrument transformers (CTs & PTs) by injection of secondary voltage. This is capable of ratio error , phase error , winding resistance, knee point upto 2kV etc. K3063i 6I & 4U - Automatic Relay Test Kit RTK(KPM KFA 300) The Lightest Relay Test Kit with 3 Current Sources & 4 voltage sources . Builtin software with AC Test , DC Test , Frequency Test , Distance Test , Harmonic Test Modules RTK(K316i) Automatic Relay Test Kit ( 6I,4U) KPM-DPM-01 KPM Dew Point Meter K68i Relay test kit 3I & 4U - Automatic Relay Test Kit RTK KPM KF 86P Automatic Relay Test Kit with 6 current and 6 voltages , with advanced software with RIO / XRIO Import function KPM CT/PT analyzer It tests all type of CT/PT as per IEC standards (deal tool for CT/PT Manufacturers & Utility Customers) KPM CT:PT Tester KPM CT PT Testing , Primary Current Method CT PT PRO KPM CT PT Tester , Voltage Ratio Method KPM CT/PT HVCTR High Voltage Current Transformer Ratio Tester measures Key CT parameters of upto 33KV system KPM CT/PT PIK For testing Current Transformer , Circuit Breakers etc. by injecting current in Primary side of CT. Moduler design for transporting easily KPM TD12 KPM 12kV Tan delta Tester / Dissipation Tester KPM TTR3 On-site measurement of DC resistance of transformer or motors (High Current Source of 20 A) KPM SFRA 01 Sweep Frequency Response Analysis Test Set (SFRA) for checking the core and winding integrity of a power transformer KPM TWRT Series On-site measurement of DC resistance of transformer (High Current Source of 20 A) KPM 5KP 5 KV Diagnostic Insulation Tester KPM 5KP+ IR Tester ( 5KV, 10KV, 15KV, 20KV) TPL-Trans Power Loss Tester KPM Transformer Power Loss Analyzer OLTC Analyzer KPM Online Tap Changer Tester KPM CB Analyzer KPM Circuit Breaker Analyzer KPM CBA 01 KPM Circuit Breaker Tester KPM CRT Contact Resistance Tester CBT-01 KPM Circuit Breaker Timer VILA KPM Vacuum Interrupter Life Analyzer KPM Oil BDV 100+ KPM Oil Breakdown Voltage Test Kit KPM Oil BDV 100 A+ KPM Oil Breakdown Voltage Test Kit with variable rate of rise voltage KPM OT-01 CC KPM Flash Point Tester Close Cup KPM OT-01 OC KPM Flash Point Tester Open cup KPM OT 02 KPM Karl Fischer Tester , Moisture in oil tester KPM OT O3 KPM Viscosity Tester KPM OT-05 KPM Oil Acid Value Tester KPM OT01 KPM Oil Tan Delta Furan Tester KPM FT-01 KPM HPLC , Furan Tester KPM IPT 01 KPM Imputiry Particle Tester KPM PCM 01 KPM Petroleum Colorimeter KPM ODT 01 KPM Oil Density Tester KPM Interfacial Tension Meter KPM Interfacial Tension Meter KPM-OPPT-01 KPM Oil Pour Point Tester KPM PDTI Monitor KPM Online Partial Discharge Monitor with Temperature & Sht. Ckt Current for HV Cable terminations KPM PDM-01 KPM Partial Discharge Monitor KPM Duo PD KPM online Partial Discharge Tester with acoustic and TEV sensors KPM PD Pulse-8 KPM Online PD Tester for PD Monitoring of switchgears and Ring Main Units KPM PDA-01 KPM Partial Discharge Analyzer , electrical method KPM Penta PD KPM Hand Held partial discharge Tester with TEV , HFCT, AE , Contact Acoustic, UHF sensors KPM CORONA POINTER KPM PD Pointer for laboratory corona finding KPM PQA+ KPM Power Quality Analyzer and recorder KPM - PQ Analyzer Light KPM Power Quality Analyzer and recorder KPM LA 100 + , LA TESTER KPM LA Tester / Surge arrester Tester / MOA Tester / 3rd harmonic leakage current tester kpm la 103+ KPM LA Tester / Surge arrester Tester / MOA Tester / 3rd harmonic leakage current tester KPM MT 3000 D 3-Phase energy meter tester KPM SF6 DPM Light KPM SF6 Dew Point Meter KPM CTTC KPM CT Heat Run Test Device KPM CEST KPM Clamp Earth Spike Tester KPM CET 1200 KPM Clamp Earth Tester KPM ET30K KPM Earth Tester with Spikes KPM GERM KPM Online Grid Earth Resistance Monitor KPM CM-0524 KPM Cell Voltage Monitor for Li Ion Batteries KPM battery load bank KPM DC Load Bank , KPM Battery Discharge Kit , KPM Constant Current DC load banks

In KPM Engineering Solution Pvt. Ltd our solutions are Thermal Imager camera, fever monitoring solution, Relay Test Kit, CT/PT Analyzer, Oil BDV, Transformer Testing , Circuit Breaker Testing, LA Testing, Ground Testing, Partial Discharge Testing. Visit www.kpmtek.com for details TRAFO MERKEZİ TEST CİHAZI - ADVERTISEMENT All Videos All Videos Videoyu Oynat Paylaş Tüm Kanal Video Seçin Facebook Twitter Pinterest Tumblr Bağlantıyı Kopyala Bağlantı Kopyalandı Search videos Video ara... Şimdi Oynuyor KPM KFA320 00:35 Videoyu Oynat Şimdi Oynuyor KPM intro (M) 01:16 Videoyu Oynat Şimdi Oynuyor KPM India - Your Reliable Electrical Test Equipment Solution Provider 01:20 Videoyu Oynat

KPM ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS is electrical test equipment provider with strong support. Our solutions are Relay Test Kit, CT/PT Analyzer, Oil BDV, Tan delta , Circuit Breaker Analyzer, LA Testing,Partial Discharge Test Kit, Thermal Imager Camera, PIK, SIK, AC/DC HIPOT. Visit us @ www.kpmtek.com KPM HAKKINDA KPM'de Üretim, Katma Değerli Ticaret ve Danışmanlık Hizmetleri ile ilgileniyoruz . Değerli müşterilerimizin kapılarına en iyi güvenilir çözümleri getirmek için dünyanın her yerindeki dünya lideri Ar-Ge ve Üretim evleri ile ortaklık yapıyoruz. 1992'den beri KPM Engineering Solutions, elektrik danışmanlığında a lider şirket ve hem liderlik hem de geliştirmede yer alan olmuştur. Yenilikçi fikirler, oyunun kurallarını değiştiren teknoloji ve şeffaflık ile daha verimli bir geleceğe giden yolda öncülük etmekten gurur duyuyoruz. Yenilikçi mühendislik çözümleri sağlamayı amaçlayan onlarca proje üzerinde çalıştık. Biz hem yüksek gerilim / alçak gerilim elektrik T & M endüstrisinde geniş satış ve uygulama deneyimine sahip bir grup teknokratız. Genetik olarak bir elektrik danışmanlık firması olarak, siz değerli müşterilerimize tasarım ve sorun giderme hizmetleri sunuyoruz Son 1,5 on yıl için. Danışmanlığımız, endüstriler, hastaneler, konutlar, eğitim kurumları, baraj projeleri vb. dahil olmak üzere geniş bir müşteri yelpazesine hizmet vermiştir. KPM'de, müşterilerimize doğru T & M uygulaması için hassas ekipman sağlamaya ve ardından ilk temas noktası olarak hareket etmeye kararlıyız. Ürünle ilgili her türlü destek için. Gerektiğinde, T&M bölümümüz ve danışmanlık bölümümüz, DUT (test edilen cihaz) hatası için sonuç yorumlama ve kök neden analizi gibi katma değerli hizmetler sağlamak için el sıkışır. Temasta olmak Our Team. Our team is a fantastic mix of experienced and mid-level professionals who work together like a well-oiled machine. They bring a blend of wisdom and fresh ideas to the table, making them unstoppable as they tackle any challenge that comes their way. S.C.Sharma - Chairperson M.Tech. Elec. HBTI Kanpur , 1985 B.Tech. Elec. MNREC, Allahabad, 1974 S.C Sharma is an experienced electrical engineer with technical consultancy background of 40+ years. His guidance is followed by KPM at policy & administrative level Pankaj Modi - Country Sales Head BE Electrical, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, 2004 Pankaj is a seasoned sales professional with almost 20 years of experience in the testing & measuring equipment , automation, and Industry 4.0, IOT solutions industry. He is managing sales of KPM products at all India level. He is supported by the team of techno-sales engineers Kunal Sharma - Sr Tech. Consultant M.Sc. Electrical, Warsaw University of Technology - Poland , 2024 B.E Electrical, MDU India, 2006 Kunal is a seasoned techno sales professional with 15+ years of experience in sales, application and technical support to power utility customers all across the globe. He was recently granted his M.Sc. with final research thesis on "partial discharge measurement techniques" . Kunal is responsible for customer's technical satisfaction and is supported by the team of techno-sales engineers He is also responsible for KPM's technology tieups all across the globe. KPM Promotes Lifelong Learning: Sr. Consultant Achieves Master's in Electrical Engineering We are delighted to announce that our Sr. Consultant Mr. Kunal Sharma has completed his Master's in Electrical Engineering, with a distinguished project on "Methods for Measurement and Detection of Partial Discharge." from Warsaw University Of Technology , Poland. This significant achievement highlights his dedication and expertise in the field. Anchor 1 ALAN UZMANLIĞIMIZ SİZİN DEĞERİNİZDİR